Marjorie Furay: Hello and good evening, everyone.
Marjorie Furay: Welcome to master Class Tonight, June 22nd, 2023.
Marjorie Furay: We do have 4 presenters this evening and I can't wait to hear what they have to say and resent upon because I love learning from all of you guys and you've had such great presentations.
Marjorie Furay: So you don't have to one up each other.
Marjorie Furay: I know you're all brilliant.
Marjorie Furay: So no worries on that and this is great for your portfolio too.
Marjorie Furay: So don't forget we do have four of them.
Marjorie Furay: Let's start with Mary Bogue.
Marjorie Furay: If you're ready.
Mary Bogue: I am ready.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah.
Marjorie Furay: Take it away.
Mary Bogue: We share my screen here.
Alec Kramer: OK.
Mary Bogue: Oops, that did not do what I wanted to do.
Mary Bogue: All right.
Marjorie Furay: Yes.
Mary Bogue: Can you see my screen? Not right.
Mary Bogue: OK.
Mary Bogue: Well, good evening everyone.
Mary Bogue: I hope your week been going well.
Mary Bogue: It's almost Friday, so that's exciting.
Mary Bogue: And Marjorie, if you could send that storm my way, I would appreciate it.
Mary Bogue: It's been really hot here in Michigan and we haven't really had any significant rain in several weeks.
Mary Bogue: So that means a lot of burnout brown lawns and campers who can't make their smores over open fire, or enjoying a relaxing bonfire at the end of the day.
Mary Bogue: So you you can send that rain my way.
Mary Bogue: I would appreciate it.
Mary Bogue: However, it doesn't stop people from getting to the lace and enjoying the wonderful Great Lakes that we have in Michigan.
Mary Bogue: So that's good.
Mary Bogue: Tonight I wanted to talk a little bit about understanding data as well as the importance of data flows and the relationships of an organization's database.
Mary Bogue: I'll talk briefly about a couple of common tools that are used to provide visual representation of the data flow and the relationships of data objects.
Mary Bogue: These tools will probably be quite familiar to everyone here.
Mary Bogue: In fact, you have probably generated a few of these in some of your classes, so let's take a look at the value of an organizations data as well as the value of their data flows and their entity relationships.
Mary Bogue: No, data analytics is the interpretation and analysis of raw data using analytical tools to identify trends and perceptions to assist businesses in reaching their goals and objectives.
Mary Bogue: I don't think anyone here would question that an organization's data is one of their biggest assets.
Mary Bogue: Does anyone have any thoughts about that or would like to share their thoughts on why data is considered to be a valuable company asset?
Aarion Moorehead: Well, data allows a company to make more money.
Aarion Moorehead: Decide what products to sell to their customers, for starters.
Mary Bogue: That's true.
Mary Bogue: Thanks, Marianne.
Mary Bogue: Anybody else?
Bradley Marker: Data is also a very broad term.
Bradley Marker: It's literally everything.
Bradley Marker: It's how much inventory you have on stock.
Bradley Marker: How many customers you have?
Bradley Marker: What selling?
Bradley Marker: Well, what's not selling well?
Bradley Marker: Ohh, when you should advertise dates and stuff like that.
Bradley Marker: So I mean really it's the it's everything about a company as data.
Mary Bogue: That's true.
Mary Bogue: Thanks, Brad.
Mary Bogue: Those are all great reasons that points regarding data as an asset IT companies.
Mary Bogue: Data may include customer contact information, sales data, financial statistics, as well as website traffic statistics.
Mary Bogue: In fact, the value of data continues to increase as using the data creates new data which then becomes a new asset.
Mary Bogue: The insight from data can increase revenues, generate new revenue and reduce cost.
Mary Bogue: Current organized and clean data can assist a company in customer engagement, making competent business decisions and providing valuable information for product and service expansion.
Mary Bogue: Database decision making is instrumental in gaining a competitive advantage and generates value for the company to stay competitive in a market where customers are willing to switch to another company, businesses must focus on adding value on a regular basis to keep their competitive edge.
Mary Bogue: The global market has a data driven future and the value of data will continually grow.
Mary Bogue: Businesses must do more than the wealth of information they have, more with the wealth of information they have readily available.
Mary Bogue: Therefore, it is important to understand where the data comes from, what impacts the data and how it is processed and where it is stored.
Mary Bogue: As I mentioned earlier, we will take we will take a look at the value and use of a data flow diagram in an entity relationship diagram and I forgot to switch slide there.
Mary Bogue: Let's I think we need to be done.
Mary Bogue: Getting myself mixed up here.
Mary Bogue: Hold on just a second.
Mary Bogue: OK, the data flow diagram or DFD as it is referred to represents processes and the data flow between the processes.
Mary Bogue: Consider all the processes that take place when ordering a new laptop.
Mary Bogue: For example, what information is shared?
Mary Bogue: What data is required for each step of the process from taking the order to updating the inventory to delivering it to the customer and invoicing it?
Mary Bogue: The data flow diagram identify all of this information.
Mary Bogue: The data flow diagram explains the inputs, the outputs, and the storage of data for each process step.
Mary Bogue: Each flow identified in the data flow diagrams must have at least one input and one output.
Mary Bogue: The data flow diagram bottles the flow of data through the entire system.
Mary Bogue: Them identifies the database is used for storage and the processes that are used.
Mary Bogue: The data, the entity, relationship diagram or ERD as it is referred to, represents the entities or objects and their relationships.
Mary Bogue: It explains the details of the object relationships.
Mary Bogue: For example, a sales order may have many multiple products.
Mary Bogue: All entities or objects must represent a set of similar things using the sales order example, the order object.
Mary Bogue: May include an order identification number, the customer ID, a delivery date, and a payment due date.
Mary Bogue: These things all are are all related, so they are stored as one entity or one subject object.
Mary Bogue: The yard models entities like people, objects, places and events for which data is stored and the detailed attributes of each of these entities.
Mary Bogue: Data flow diagrams assist in the development of code.
Mary Bogue: They depict the business requirements for applications and help visualize major steps in data involved in the system processes.
Mary Bogue: It shows precisely where data is going to ensure where data is going to ensure every step is kept secure.
Mary Bogue: The data flow diagram identifies system boundaries.
Mary Bogue: It improves communications among developers as well as system users.
Mary Bogue: The DFD provides a clearly defined visual presentation of data and process steps, and it represents logic reviewing the data flow diagram on the lower left, you can see that the databases or data stores are represented by AD.
Mary Bogue: A capital D in the Gray area and the larger symbol with the white identifies a process that uses that data store information.
Mary Bogue: The order process is initiated by a customer and the customer data store which stored detailed information of the customer ordering the product.
Mary Bogue: The output of the order process generates a transaction occurrence which stores the information of each transaction.
Mary Bogue: The larger data flow has been prepared with a few more details.
Mary Bogue: Let's look at the process of ordering food.
Mary Bogue: The customer has an external entity, places the food order with details which initiates the order food, process, the output of the order food process generates a bill to the external customer, sends the order to the kitchen, sends the order details to the order data store, and sends the inventory details to the inventory data store.
Mary Bogue: That is a lot of information flow.
Mary Bogue: The entity relationship diagram is crucial to modeling and visualizing the data.
Mary Bogue: Details that are stored in the database.
Mary Bogue: It also provides the basic design for building the database entity.
Mary Bogue: Relationship diagrams are related to data structure diagrams that focus on the relationship with elements within entities instead of relationships between entities and.
Mary Bogue: See the diagram.
Mary Bogue: Also are used with data flow diagrams that map the flow of information for processes or procedures.
Mary Bogue: The the diagram identifies what data will be stored.
Mary Bogue: For example, customer orders and products.
Mary Bogue: It provides detailed entity adherants what kind of information is stored for customers, orders or products.
Mary Bogue: It represents the data relationships.
Mary Bogue: So let's let's look at the orders entity or the reference.
Mary Bogue: Referred to often as a data store, it contains attributes, attributes that are being captured and stored.
Mary Bogue: The attributes are order ID, customer ID, invoice creation date, delivery due date, payment due date and customer message.
Mary Bogue: The order ID has been identified as the primary key or the unique identifier for the order.
Mary Bogue: This means that each order will have its own ID and is not duplicated in the data store.
Mary Bogue: You can see where the order ID is used as a foreign key in the orders products entity, allowing that entity to retrieve information from the orders entity as well.
Mary Bogue: The customer ID in the orders database data store has been identified as a foreign key which allows information from the customers entity retrieved for the each individual order.
Mary Bogue: The other important piece of information that is identified on the entity relationship diagram is the relations between entities.
Mary Bogue: For example, let's look at the order entity entity.
Mary Bogue: Again, there is a relationship between orders and customers as well as orders and the order product entity.
Mary Bogue: The relationship between customer and order indicates for each customer occurrence there are multiple or there may be multiple orders.
Mary Bogue: However, for each order there is only one customer.
Mary Bogue: Many ERD's will also identify the type of attributes such as character, date or numeric, and the length of the attribute.
Mary Bogue: For example, the customer ID may be identified as eight numeric positions.
Mary Bogue: Diagrams allow you to say or show show more in less space.
Mary Bogue: Their visual function is ideal for brainstorming and remembering, and remembers information remembering information.
Mary Bogue: There are multitude of diagramming tools to select from.
Mary Bogue: They can be as simple as manually drawn diagrams, free online diagramming tools such as visme or lucid chart, or Microsoft Visio.
Mary Bogue: Regardless of the selected tool, the diagram allows individuals to visualize concepts that may otherwise be hard to comprehend, and they also allow multiple developers to collaborate on projects.
Mary Bogue: The data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram are tools that we may be considered obsolete by many with all the powerful analytic tools that are available today.
Mary Bogue: However, they still heavy purpose in providing a simple way for developers.
Mary Bogue: And just as important for system users and business stakeholders to better understand how information or data is captured, the various processes the data is is used in and how the data is shared or can be shared across departments in multiple processes.
Mary Bogue: Personally, I consider the data flow diagram and the entity relationship diagram to be basic tools and understanding data relationships and the structures of an organization systems and their data.
Mary Bogue: Data is the core of the overall system.
Mary Bogue: Understanding the data relationships and flows allows the business stakeholders to make decisions that keep them competitive and profitable.
Mary Bogue: And they have to references.
Mary Bogue: So thank you for listening.
Mary Bogue: Does anybody have any questions or comments for me?
Marjorie Furay: Aaron, you have your hand up.
Marjorie Furay: No.
Erin Bailey: Sorry, that was just.
Mary Bogue: Are.
Marjorie Furay: OK, Alec, you have your hand up.
Alec Kramer: Ohh yeah.
Alec Kramer: Hey, Mary, you were talking about the different like a data flow diagram or things you can use such as like lucidchart and Visio at Purdue.
Alec Kramer: The only one we ever used was Visio.
Alec Kramer: Do you think there's one that's better than the others or no?
Mary Bogue: I'm not sure.
Mary Bogue: I prefer, I mean the Visio of course.
Alec Kramer: Yeah. OK.
Mary Bogue: Would you have to have the Microsoft suite there to get at so I have always used Visio and like Visio I have talked to people that really like lucid chart but I am not familiar with the tool so some of are just free and you can trial some of them.
Mary Bogue: I did notice in looking around at things you can trial some of them to see if you like them.
Mary Bogue: Someone I really basing you do a lot of hand drawing on them.
Mary Bogue: Some of them are very similar to Visio.
Alec Kramer: OK.
Alec Kramer: I was just curious because I mean Visio seems pretty easy to use, I just have never used this feature and I don't know like if they're open source or how that works.
Mary Bogue: Right.
Alec Kramer: But OK, thank you.
Mary Bogue: You're welcome.
Marjorie Furay: You have used lucid chart and I do like lucidchart.
Marjorie Furay: If it comes down to where you can't get a hold of Visio, you can do lucid chart and it works pretty much the same.
Mary Bogue: It's.
Marjorie Furay: There's quite a few different diagramming what do you call them?
Mary Bogue: Symbols.
Marjorie Furay: Not care.
Marjorie Furay: Yes, thank you.
Marjorie Furay: Symbols that you can use through lucid chart.
Mary Bogue: Got.
Marjorie Furay: Although Visio is the bigger version robably the better one to use, yeah.
Marjorie Furay: So, great job.
Marjorie Furay: Wonderful information.
Marjorie Furay: Umm, I really enjoyed that.
Mary Bogue: Thank you.
Marjorie Furay: Data is definitely something to look into because it's used a lot more than we know.
Mary Bogue: Right.
Mary Bogue: So powerful as to understanding what's going on and making decisions more than before, they could dive into those things.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah, I think it's it was used.
Marjorie Furay: You know it's been used in businesses for a long time before data became big data.
Mary Bogue: Right.
Marjorie Furay: You know, I think they were always doing that anyways because that is the information for your company.
Marjorie Furay: I mean, you don't really have information until you get the data, you know.
Mary Bogue: 2nd.
Landon Moore: That's right.
Marjorie Furay: Umm, it's just so important to a business to to move forward.
Marjorie Furay: Ohh good, Landon.
Landon Moore: If you don't use the data, then just flip a coin.
Marjorie Furay: Exactly.
Mary Bogue: That's true, yeah.
Marjorie Furay: We used to flip a coin, right?
Mary Bogue: Right.
Marjorie Furay: That's how it's the it's the same thing. Awesome.
Pete Garcia: Ohh, I also wanted to point out real quick that I don't.
Pete Garcia: I don't know about lucid chart.
Pete Garcia: I don't think so, but with vizios a lot of applications or programs actually except Visio files to be imported, such as like a data center visualization program.
Pete Garcia: For example, will actually let you like if you create a floor plan, you can use those Visio files to import that floor plan into that application.
Pete Garcia: Whereas Lisa tried.
Pete Garcia: I don't think that's a possibility.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah, I think you'd have to download it to be the diagram a I think you can download it as a Visio diagram though.
Pete Garcia: OK, cool.
Mary Bogue: That's interesting.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah, I think it gives you that much because we use.
Landon Moore: Yeah, it it's the format it's saved in. Yep.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah, we used to use lucid chart in here with uh data, but you're right, and those are very good points, Pete.
Mary Bogue: Yeah, that's great.
Mary Bogue: Well, and I liked when.
Marjorie Furay: Definitely Visio is much more compatible with a lot of outside companies.
Mary Bogue: Yeah, using it here at Purdue, I was because I had never used that before.
Mary Bogue: Where you could, once you get into word, you can still change the chart within word.
Mary Bogue: You don't have to keep going back out, reimporting it.
Marjorie Furay: Exactly.
Mary Bogue: I think that's a great integration too, so.
Marjorie Furay: Yep.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah.
Pete Garcia: Wasn't aware of that.
Mary Bogue: Yeah. Yep.
Marjorie Furay: And you get a full version, you get to download the whole ISO and keep it for yourself, so that's another great thing too.
Marjorie Furay: That end project, we get those free, I think we still do.
Mary Bogue: Both great tools.
Marjorie Furay: Yes, wonderful.
Marjorie Furay: Thank you, Mary.
Marjorie Furay: That was awesome.
Mary Bogue: You're welcome.
Aarion Moorehead: Hello. Hello.
Marjorie Furay: So let let's see what Arian you're next. Hello.
Aarion Moorehead: Good evening everyone.
Aarion Moorehead: I am gonna talk a little bit about stay alert technology.
Aarion Moorehead: So you know 1G through 5G, the bag phone flip phones, that kind of thing.
Aarion Moorehead: So let's get started here just a second.
Aarion Moorehead: OK.
Aarion Moorehead: Everybody see my screen.
Jill Boyer: Yep.
Mark Schnepp: Yes.
Marjorie Furay: Yes. Yeah.
Aarion Moorehead: Alright, wireless cellular technology has come a long way since the zero generation or pre cellular times, which began before the 1980s.
Aarion Moorehead: The bag phone was a hit during the early years, for sure.
Aarion Moorehead: Uh, my parents had one in their car.
Aarion Moorehead: It was a large cell phone with an exterior battery that required a bag to carry it around.
Aarion Moorehead: They were the first portable cell phones available to the masses.
Aarion Moorehead: It served its purpose through, though, but was quickly replaced when smaller pocket size phones were developed.
Aarion Moorehead: The next product to reintroduced was the flip phone, which finally morphed into the smartphone, which finally morphed into the smartphones that are currently popular today.
Aarion Moorehead: Today we have moved to the fifth generation of cellular mobile data as well and it is considerable upgrade over the previous generations for sure.
Aarion Moorehead: Although it has a long way to go super fast, mobile data impacts every aspect of society and the hope is that it will improve the lives of everyone.
Aarion Moorehead: So today most devices have some type of Internet connection, although Wi-Fi is spread throughout our live, our living spaces, not all devices we have use mobile Internet connections or have a radio that supports it.
Aarion Moorehead: Mobile data gives us the freedom to go anywhere around the world and have the ability to check our emails, make phone calls, send text messages and work remotely.
Aarion Moorehead: Tablets, cell phones, TV's, laptops, desktop computers.
Aarion Moorehead: Can utilize mobile data when these tools are provided with an Internet connection.
Aarion Moorehead: A user can stream their favorite TV shows on their tablet or cell phone.
Aarion Moorehead: Video conferencing has become a normal way of interacting with family members or employers who are far away.
Aarion Moorehead: The ability to talk to, to talk, individually, interact with another person from a distance has allowed for more lifelike and personal experiences to take shape.
Aarion Moorehead: So many of us do not think of the differences between cell phones and smartphones.
Aarion Moorehead: The two terms are used interchangeably quite often, but do have different meanings.
Aarion Moorehead: Cell phones have been around a lot longer than smartphones, and the main use of the cell phone was to place and receive phone calls.
Aarion Moorehead: Over time, cell phones were developed to allow for sending and receiving a text messages.
Aarion Moorehead: Cell phones did not have robust apps on them though, or fast data speeds during the early years.
Aarion Moorehead: Smartphones, on the other hand, were the step forward in technology for the masses.
Aarion Moorehead: The introduction of the iPhone spurred all types of advancements in mobile phone technology and features.
Aarion Moorehead: Smartphones now have large bright screens with complex operating systems.
Aarion Moorehead: The operating systems allows for a third party apps to be installed.
Aarion Moorehead: These apps make life easier for mobile users.
Aarion Moorehead: We have banking apps, mobile games, navigation app, social media apps and all these things have brought exciting and meaningful changes to our lives.
Aarion Moorehead: For the most part.
Aarion Moorehead: So most Americans have embraced cell phone technology.
Aarion Moorehead: The boom in mobile technologies took off after the early 2000s.
Aarion Moorehead: Today we have been more likely to be on the move and and carrying out our daily while carrying out our busy lives.
Aarion Moorehead: The majority of Americans, more than 97% of us, have some type of cell phone or smartphone.
Aarion Moorehead: When reviewing cell phone and smartphone out ownership demographics information such as gender, age, race, household income, an educational level, there are some areas where smartphones are not as dominant.
Aarion Moorehead: For example, for those in the age group of 65 plus, approximately 92% of those individuals have embraced the cellular technology.
Aarion Moorehead: Of those 92 percent, 29% of them have not moved to smartphones, though this could be due to increased cost of smartphones or simply because they don't have the need for the additional tools and applications provided by smartphones.
Aarion Moorehead: Does the systems are similar for students in schools and individuals earning less than $30,000 a year?
Aarion Moorehead: SO1G Cellular is the first generation of technology and it was first released in Japan in the 1980s.
Aarion Moorehead: Cell phones operated on the 1G cellular.
Aarion Moorehead: On waves and this allowed us to send and receive phone calls.
Aarion Moorehead: 1G had limited user capacity.
Aarion Moorehead: Poor battery life on their on the phones and lack the security that we have today.
Aarion Moorehead: 2G wireless technology, the second generation networks were introduced in the 1990s with digital data modulation and data encryption for both voice calls and data packets.
Aarion Moorehead: The switch to digital improve the efficiency, allowing more phones to simultaneously use each frequency.
Aarion Moorehead: 2G was a major revolution, facilitating multimedia and instant messaging and Internet access.
Aarion Moorehead: Using general Packet radio service or a GPRS as a standard allows also also allowed a data rate or speeds of up to 384 kilobits per second, and I guess at that time that was blazing fast.
Aarion Moorehead: 3G wireless technology, the third generation technology, was built on the previous network generation and it brought in increased data transfer speeds and increased data throughput.
Aarion Moorehead: 3G also allowed for mobile TV and Internet access, video calls and voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP.
Aarion Moorehead: This led to the increased popularity of smartphones.
Aarion Moorehead: The improved data speeds for 3G allowed for 42 megabits per second of data transfer, although I don't believe most of us got that.
Aarion Moorehead: Not for 4G.
Aarion Moorehead: For the 4th Generation network down technology is a broadband cellular technology that has basically taken over 3G networks with expanded capabilities and mobile telephone and Internet access.
Aarion Moorehead: These included high definition streaming.
Aarion Moorehead: Uh for phone calls and data like watching a video clips or shows.
Aarion Moorehead: The 4G network provided scalable bandwidth, usable between 20 and 40 megahertz, accommodating more users per cell tower.
Aarion Moorehead: These networks provide a data rates of 100 megabits when mobile and up to one Gigabit if stationary.
Aarion Moorehead: I for sure never saw those sweets seamless roaming across networks and across geographic territories was also supported during during the 4G era.
Aarion Moorehead: The 5th generation are 5G is a complete overhaul of the previous 4th generation of sale network technology.
Aarion Moorehead: It uses the cellular network as a mature Internet service provider.
Aarion Moorehead: 5G is not a single wireless technology, but a fifth generation of wireless communication.
Aarion Moorehead: This allows for networks that are 100 times faster and it supports 100 times more devices.
Aarion Moorehead: They also feature five times lower latency than previous technology.
Aarion Moorehead: 5G also supports infrastructure and industrial applications such as the Internet of Things, and when fully implemented, will provide up to 10 gigabits per second of data transfer speeds.
Aarion Moorehead: So Wi-Fi G why does it matter?
Aarion Moorehead: The 5th generation or 5G provides for increased communication speeds across many devices.
Aarion Moorehead: This it will allow for applications like 3D video, smart cities and extended reality.
Aarion Moorehead: Extended reality is a term that includes virtual, mixed and augmented reality.
Aarion Moorehead: These types of applications will spread across many industries, including transportation, education, healthcare and the military.
Aarion Moorehead: Other anticipated applications that will be supported by 5G technologies are smart grid, smart agriculture, remote medicine, industrial automation and automated vehicles like the Jetsons, the enhanced mobile broadband will also provide higher speeds and less latency for hot spots and for gaming applications.
Aarion Moorehead: In addition, 5G technology will allow companies to look at their current service areas as well as products and have many more options to provide services to more diverse customers and applications over the same network.
Aarion Moorehead: Five, the technology will also allow network slicing, which allows to the carrier to provide slices of their network for specific user needs.
Aarion Moorehead: So challenges can occur using 5G.
Aarion Moorehead: These include public concerns over health risks, cyber security risks and privacy issues.
Aarion Moorehead: These challenges should not be ignored, and there are things policymakers could support nationwide, like coordinated cyber security monitoring of 5G networks, adopt cyber security requirements and implement uniform privacy practices for the protection of user data.
Aarion Moorehead: Even with the challenges, 5G benefits will connect more devices and users to a fast, secure and reliable network that supports a plethora of valuable applications.
Aarion Moorehead: And uses wireless cellular technology has come a long way since the introduction of the first cell phone to today's smartphones and smart technology applications.
Aarion Moorehead: In many industries, 5G technology sets the platform for future growth to meet the ever changing needs of a mobile nation.
Aarion Moorehead: That is all I've got.
Aarion Moorehead: And I look forward to questions.
Aarion Moorehead: Thank you.
Marjorie Furay: So besides putting on your tinfoil hat, how can you protect yourself from the 5G that they're talking about right now?
Aarion Moorehead: Well, I, you know, I'm not so sure that the that 5G is necessarily dangerous.
Aarion Moorehead: I believe that's a rumor.
Marjorie Furay: Because they were saying that the mice I know, I just read the article about it, they were saying that the the mice and rodents that are around the towers of 5G towers are changing.
Aarion Moorehead: Huh.
Marjorie Furay: I don't know if it's DNA or brain wise, and they're saying that we should all look out and I figured, you know, you just wrote about this.
Marjorie Furay: So I thought maybe you'd have something on that so.
Aarion Moorehead: I I I kind of stayed away from the conspiracy theories.
Marjorie Furay: I know exactly, but just where the tinfoil hat?
Marjorie Furay: I think that's fine, Zack.
Marjorie Furay: Excellent, though you did great.
Landon Moore: The alone and foil works better.
Marjorie Furay: It does, doesn't it?
Marjorie Furay: So you have a question.
Sue Poole: Uh, yes, I'm is 60.
Sue Poole: Gonna be a thing at some point, did you?
Aarion Moorehead: So I did see a little bit about that.
Aarion Moorehead: It.
Aarion Moorehead: Yes, that's coming in like I know another decade or something.
Aarion Moorehead: But yeah.
Aarion Moorehead: You.
Marjorie Furay: I also heard that we're already the wiring that we have is already set for 5G, is that correct?
Aarion Moorehead: So we're already have 5G, it's already out there.
Aarion Moorehead: However, we're nowhere near what it can really do yet.
Aarion Moorehead: I still think that they're still working out kinks.
Marjorie Furay: Right.
Marjorie Furay: Because I mean the cabling, when I got the cabling laid in my yard, of course I it was 3G and now we're at 5G, is that cabling still good to use it?
Marjorie Furay: I mean it depending on the cabling they put down, right?
Aarion Moorehead: No, I I think 5G's are completely different way of doing cellular networks completely then 3G.
Marjorie Furay: OK.
Marjorie Furay: As something I'm going to have to look into.
Marjorie Furay: Sorry about all the throwing the questions that you like that, but this is this was great.
Marjorie Furay: This is very informative. Definitely.
Aarion Moorehead: Well, thank you.
Marjorie Furay: It's something that we use a lot, so it's something we're all interested in, I mean.
Aarion Moorehead: I we we use the technology a lot and don't really think about it anymore.
Aarion Moorehead: What's behind it anymore?
Marjorie Furay: Yeah, exactly.
Marjorie Furay: We just figure ohh, it's just going up OK.
Aarion Moorehead: Well, I remember paying attention to a lot more when I got like my first iPhone and stuff.
Aarion Moorehead: Yeah, I was like excited when 3G came and you know, that was revolutionary for us for sure.
Marjorie Furay: Right.
Marjorie Furay: And then Verizon says, oh, you got 4G now, and now they're saying I got 5G, I'm like, OK, well, my phone says I got 5G.
Marjorie Furay: OK. Thanks.
Aarion Moorehead: They're saying we have 5G, but we're still not pulling the the speeds that they say we can yet.
Marjorie Furay: Right.
Marjorie Furay: That's what I'm wondering exactly.
Marjorie Furay: Well, good.
Marjorie Furay: Thank you for the information.
Marjorie Furay: That was excellent.
Aarion Moorehead: Appreciate it.
Marjorie Furay: I do not think that Victor is here yet.
Marjorie Furay: I did send him an email, but let's go ahead with Jill if you are ready.
Jill Boyer: Hello I am I believe Victor mentioned rescheduling his.
Jill Boyer: Master class, he said he was gonna get with you.
Jill Boyer: So I don't know.
Marjorie Furay: OK.
Jill Boyer: Maybe maybe change his mind.
Jill Boyer: I don't know but.
Marjorie Furay: OK, alright.
Marjorie Furay: Well, hopefully I'll get an email then back or something.
Marjorie Furay: Perfect.
Marjorie Furay: Thank you.
Jill Boyer: Sure.
Jill Boyer: OK.
Jill Boyer: Can you hear me?
Jill Boyer: And can you see my screen?
Marjorie Furay: Yes.
Jill Boyer: OK.
Jill Boyer: Hello everyone, I'm Jill Boyer, team lead in Sofdev.
Jill Boyer: And tonight, I'd like to talk about animals and tech.
Jill Boyer: We're all familiar with finding a bug or using a mouse, but I'm wondering if you've ever thought about how animals have advanced computer science and other ways from robotics to an eye to the emerging field of animal computer interaction.
Jill Boyer: The animal Kingdom has inspired technology in numerous ways, especially when it comes to algorithms.
Jill Boyer: Algorithms, excuse me.
Jill Boyer: Traditionally, algorithms have long been associated with mimicking human intelligence and programming code, computers and machines.
Jill Boyer: And as humans, we've come a long way from the early days of the industrial revolution.
Jill Boyer: But we've really only just begun exploring new marvels with AI and machine learning due to the vast volumes of data that now exist today.
Jill Boyer: According to Tan, the most recent studies suggest that roughly 3.5 quintillion bytes of it are generated every day, and Amel, estimated to be 40 times bigger than all of the evidence stars in the universe.
Jill Boyer: And it's this data in combination with the application of statistical knowledge and machine learning models that's been the key to allowing us to gain meaningful information that we can use to achieve favorable results.
Jill Boyer: Naturally, one of the main goals behind creating artificially intelligent machines has been to use these technologies to automate mundane activities activities so that human intelligence can be put to better use.
Jill Boyer: But behind every one of even our most simple so called no brainer task or decisions that we make, there's always a powerful human human brain operating with an array of problem solving cognitive skills at work, and for the greater portion of history.
Jill Boyer: Much of the population has believed to 1 extent or another that cognition is something unique to humans.
Jill Boyer: Yet nonhuman animals also operate on their own sets of roles that they live by to not only recognize their community, but build healthy relationships and protect one another.
Jill Boyer: In fact, most of our algorithms powering the technology we use every day have not been built on mathematics and human reasoning alone.
Jill Boyer: Biologists and computer scientists working together have taken cues from insects, birds, mammals and other classes of the animal Kingdom for fighting solution to complex problems.
Jill Boyer: And as Janine Benyus refers to what is now called this biomimicry revolution, it's not what we can extract from nature, but what we can learn from her.
Jill Boyer: And though nature inspired computing has been criticized by some for merely encouraging charming metaphors, lacking any meaningful insight and unnecessarily complicating things, there's no denying that the animal Kingdom has delivered exceptional inspiration for building better algorithms, especially when it comes to metaheuristics.
Jill Boyer: Metaheuristics such as the algorithms listed here, are higher level heuristics designed to find, generate, or select a process that aims to find a sufficiently good solution to optimization problems, especially with incomplete or uncertain information.
Jill Boyer: In simple terms, a metaheuristic is a problem solving approach or strategy that helps to find, not necessarily the exact optimal solution for complex optimization problems like greedy algorithms do, but they can deliver near optimal solutions in a computationally efficient manner and easy way to think of them as as a general framework or set of guidelines that can be applied to various problems without relying one specific problem.
Jill Boyer: Details.
Jill Boyer: Essentially, the animal inspired metaheuristics leveraged the excuse me leverage the diversity of unique characteristics and behaviors observed in nature from the flashing behavior.
Jill Boyer: Fireflies, the echolocation system used by bats and the social hierarchy of wolves among others, to meet challenges associated with optimization and computational intelligence.
Jill Boyer: These are just a few examples of metaheuristics, and there are even more variants and hybrid approaches based on animal derived philosophies in various fields such as engineering operations.
Jill Boyer: Research in AI where exactly nations are computationally infeasible or are time consuming to obtain?
Jill Boyer: And tonight I wanted to highlight three more areas of computer science in particular that took lessons from cats, insects and birds to provide us with technology that nearly all of us benefit from everyday object recognition, nearest neighbor searching and machine learning.
Jill Boyer: From self excuse me from self driving cars to facial recognition software to MRI's, computer vision has everywhere and most of these systems use some form of object recognition to identify the contents of an image.
Jill Boyer: Traditionally, computer scientists would develop painstakingly handcrafted algorithms to extract contiguous shapes, edges, lines and other features from images.
Jill Boyer: And then they would expand those algorithms and compile that information to determine what an image really was.
Jill Boyer: This method tended to be rather fragile due to the dependence on the ability of engineers to program the right kinds of analysis and fine tune the parameters precisely.
Jill Boyer: Meanwhile, a different approach using convolutional neural networks was being developed at the time most neural networks modeled biology only and rudimentary ways, and we're only called neural networks because they kind of operated like neurons.
Jill Boyer: But CNS utilized utilized Nobel Prize winning research from the 1950s based on the feline brain.
Jill Boyer: Back then, neuroscientists learned that some neurons in a cat's visual cortex, known as simple cells, respond only to simple visual elements, such as align and a specific space that a specific orientation.
Jill Boyer: The simple cells then pass the information on to so called complex cells that aggregate the information across a greater area.
Jill Boyer: Consequently, researchers began to observe this hierarchy in the feline brains.
Jill Boyer: The visual processing where essentially the earlier layers detect basic features at different locations for the later layers to organize so that complex patterns could be understood.
Jill Boyer: And even though signs have qualities that have nothing to do with cat brains today, this feline visual hierarchy that directly influenced the first generation of CNN's is still baked into today's computer vision and the first layer of a modern CNN.
Jill Boyer: Each simulated neuron examines just one small area of an image against the simple template, such as a specific color or an edge between lightness and darkness.
Jill Boyer: The neuron then rates the area with the score depending on how well their patch matches the template, then the next level neuron looks at all the scores that have been generated for a local area and compares this larger area against an even more complex template, and so on until the complete image has been realized.
Jill Boyer: And Speaking of images, we have the humble fruit fly to thank for increased accuracy and speed when searching for content on the web.
Jill Boyer: Traditionally, locality sensitive hashing has been used for parsing databases.
Jill Boyer: To find closely related content or nearest neighbors, for instance, when you find a nearly perfect image, but maybe you need a panned out format and only closeups were retrieved.
Jill Boyer: LH is powered by an algorithm that digests images and text into a hash that can be thought of as a small fingerprint.
Jill Boyer: Similar inputs generates similar hatches that search engines can use to organize items and retrieve items by, as opposed to having to make comparisons to every image or blog or song lyric that's on the web.
Jill Boyer: But as the database is grow larger, this process becomes riddled with lag and inaccuracy and we already know that data is only going to continue to be created in unprecedented numbers.
Jill Boyer: But in 2017, computer scientists and biologists made the connection to locality sensitive hashing and fly brains, whereas flies have the ability to smell.
Jill Boyer: They don't differentiate every subtle nuance of odors like we do, but rather group sense into categories like cheese smells usually lead to food, but book smells do not.
Jill Boyer: Their brain simply reducing aroma down to a few numbers by first expanding the smell data into a much larger collection of numbers, and only then selecting just a few of those numbers for their own so-called hash.
Jill Boyer: It still baffles my mind as to how research discovered that flies have their own version of ELLISH, but nonetheless, in humans terms it's like if we had the lyrics to the song and replaced each character with a random string of code that produces drivel 10 times as long as the original versus then we would take the gibberish strings that appeared most often and use only their first letters to make a hash.
Jill Boyer: Which admittedly seems like a lot of unnecessary work, but all that extra nonsense provides more opportunities to discover patterns that appear strongly for one set of inputs and remain absent for another.
Jill Boyer: As a result, when computer scientists started implementing fly based locally locality sensitive hashing, nearest neighbor searching became 20 times faster and twice as accurate as the traditional approach.
Jill Boyer: Finally, it's form.
Jill Boyer: Intelligence is a term coined by Benny and Wang to describe a self organizing system formed by a community of individuals, namely insects, birds and fish interacting with their environment and each other.
Jill Boyer: Every individual adheres to a simple set of roles while working together with their peers to make intelligent decisions as simple agents without any centralized control.
Jill Boyer: Naturally, these types of animals don't, as far as we know, possess remarkable levels of the levels of intelligence on their own.
Jill Boyer: But working together synergistically allows them to build rather complex organizational systems for survival, and there are many algorithms that have been inspired by the this collective behavior of bird flocking, fish schooling, and insects swarming that are used for solutions and disease prognosis, robotics, traffic systems, resource allocation, and financial analysis, to name just a few notable examples of this technology include the artificial bee colony algorithm derived from the foraging behavior of honey bees, the cuckoo search algorithm inspired by the social behavior of breeding cuckoo birds, and the infamous Ant colony optimization algorithm modeled after modeled after the pheromone trails of ants that powers Googles.
Jill Boyer: Excuse me?
Jill Boyer: That powers Google Maps.
Jill Boyer: And.
Jill Boyer: Again tonight, we've only just scratched the surface of wazy animals have helped technology.
Jill Boyer: In addition to improving algorithms and machine learning, animals have and continue to inspire countless innovations and robotics as well.
Jill Boyer: And then return technology can be used to help animals, thermal cameras and drones help detect and identify species of animals, making it easier to study and protect them.
Jill Boyer: Social media and apps such as GO Fund Me have been used to raise funds for animal care.
Jill Boyer: PETA uses virtual reality to raise awareness and empathy for animals that are farmed, and prosthetics are commonly used for improving the lives of disabled, disabled animals that have been made by 3D printing.
Jill Boyer: And then there's a field of animal computer interaction that is both inspired by and for animals, as demonstrated by this dog.
Jill Boyer: You may recognize her from my profile photo.
Jill Boyer: This is my girl, Lollipop.
Jill Boyer: She's an English Cocker spaniel.
Jill Boyer: That was rescued from the streets of Azerbaijan and she very quickly learned that if she presses the button that I programmed to say feed me Mommy, she gets a treat.
Jill Boyer: So that's all I have.
Jill Boyer: Thank you all so much for your time, and if you'd like to learn more regarding the information that we covered tonight, please check out the following resources.
Jill Boyer: Thank you.
Marjorie Furay: Wow, excellent.
Jill Boyer: Thank you.
Jill Boyer: Could you hear the audio from my video?
Marjorie Furay: Now we couldn't hear that.
Jill Boyer: Ohh OK yeah.
Jill Boyer: If every time she hits the button it says feed me Mommy.
Marjorie Furay: That is so cool.
Marjorie Furay: I gotta get one of those for mine.
Jill Boyer: Yeah.
Marjorie Furay: I should try my cats too.
Marjorie Furay: I think cats can learn it.
Jill Boyer: Yeah.
Marjorie Furay: I have a feeder.
Marjorie Furay: I have one of those camera feeders.
Marjorie Furay: You know you can see and you can feed them, hit the button and everything.
Jill Boyer: Ohh yeah.
Marjorie Furay: And I swear my cat wants to hit the button, but she can't find it cause it's black against all the other black and keep trying to get her to hit the button to go ahead and give herself some treats.
Marjorie Furay: I know my dad.
Marjorie Furay: My dog could do it.
Marjorie Furay: I'm sure he could.
Jill Boyer: Yeah, my dog is very food motivated.
Marjorie Furay: Yes.
Marjorie Furay: That's too funny.
Jill Boyer: She actually killed my battery in that button, yeah.
Marjorie Furay: Yes, I'm sure they are.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah.
Marjorie Furay: Now you said ants and Google Maps.
Jill Boyer: Yes.
Jill Boyer: So ants, when they are foraging for food UM, they naturally have fair amounts that like follow them in a in a trail and the feromon ones evaporate after so long.
Jill Boyer: So the ants that take the pas the longest paths to the food, they're trails?
Jill Boyer: Uh evaporate?
Jill Boyer: Because they, you know, have a longer journey back to their home.
Jill Boyer: And meanwhile, the ants that have chosen the shorter routes but sent remains strong.
Jill Boyer: So that's how the other ants know the best path to take.
Jill Boyer: And that's how we get our directions from Google Maps.
Marjorie Furay: That's just too smart.
Jill Boyer: Yeah. And how?
Jill Boyer: How?
Jill Boyer: What really amazes me is how researchers learn this knowledge.
Landon Moore: It's basic chemotaxis.
Marjorie Furay: OK.
Jill Boyer: What?
Jill Boyer: What's chemotaxis?
Landon Moore: Chemotaxis is basically they're following a chemical scent and it's a it's a stochastic method and that mechanism so they will.
Landon Moore: While the signals there, they will blood drive in that direction, but then they will randomly move at different times.
Landon Moore: This was first characterized in bacteria.
Landon Moore: Actually that's all related to the flagellum structure.
Landon Moore: Stuff that we base all this work on.
Jill Boyer: Yeah.
Landon Moore: And so basically, hey, let me tell you, nematodes can actually chemotaxis towards cancer cells.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah.
Marjorie Furay: See there.
Landon Moore: Not to say that I'm working on that.
Marjorie Furay: Yeah.
Landon Moore: No, no, you didn't hear that from me.
Marjorie Furay: So well, now, yeah, right.
Marjorie Furay: Landon's got so much information.
Marjorie Furay: Umm, but that's great.
Marjorie Furay: That's that's really cool to find out something like that.
Marjorie Furay: That's just, you know, ants may Google Maps.
Marjorie Furay: That's awesome.
Jill Boyer: Mm-hmm.
Marjorie Furay: Well, that was excellent.
Jill Boyer: Thank you.
Marjorie Furay: Thank you so much for your information.
Marjorie Furay: I tell you every time I'm gonna say it every time in the end, one of these.
Marjorie Furay: Congratulations, everybody.
Marjorie Furay: You did a great master class this evening and I hope that everybody will be able to go ahead and watch.
Marjorie Furay: That is not here.
Marjorie Furay: They will enjoy it.
Marjorie Furay: I know that for sure.
Marjorie Furay: Thanks everybody.
Marjorie Furay: And if there are no more questions, have a good rest of the evening and good weekend and thank you all very much.
Jill Boyer: Thanks everyone.
Jill Boyer: Goodnight.
Margaret Medina: I have a question.
Pete Garcia: And thank you.
Jill Boyer: Oh, sorry.
Pete Garcia: Have a good night.
Margaret Medina: No, we're not going.
Jill Boyer: OK.
Margaret Medina: To your thing, Joe, for Marjorie, if possible.