The everyone clock in tonight.
Hopefully, if you haven't already, please do so.
You can get credit for your time alright?
So the first presenter for tonight uh is going to be.
Kyle.
Alright so I I have my presentation already recorded
and then I'm so to keep time short I'm doing.
Ah.
I'm going to be doing a live demo afterwards.
Ohh OK perfect.
So go ahead and load it on your computer and then make sure you
have your say yes to the sound computer sound.
Alright.
Can you see my screen?
I can.
Yeah.
Can you hear it? No.
Nope.
Try it again.
Hello everyone.
Can you hear it?
Yes.
My name is Kyle O Harrow and thank you for joining me for my
master class presentation on open AI Chat, GPT and custom GPT
creation.
We will be discussing what is open AI's chat?
GPT.
How to create custom GPT and I'll I'll show you a few of my
custom GPT that I created myself and that I hopefully will have
Yeah.
OK, that's.
on the chat GPT store.
What exactly is opening Eyes chat? GPT.
Well, Simply put, GPT stands for generative pretraining
transformer.
It is a natural language processing tool that uses large
language models to train and create more human like
conversations slash interactions.
Jachi PT has two models, 3.5 model which is free but has
limited server capacity.
A Chachi PT4 model, which is $22.00 a month for 40 prompts
per three hours which can hinder productivity.
Once you get into the flow of figuring everything out.
It also can be used in API that pay per token for input and
output props.
It's about $0.02 per token.
About one word is a token, so the best way to think about it
is boxes filled with words and or punctuation marks.
Uh, if you can see there's a image of a cat inside of a box,
that's a representation of my tokens of a token.
It also can be used to create custom GPT without needing any
coding experience.
The following are just a few things that will be needed to
get started creating custom GPT.
First, you'll need a chat GPT plus subscription which is
$20.00 a month.
And idea for a custom GPT that is an expert in a specific
field.
This has great potential for niche fields.
It does not require experience in coding PGIP.
The GPT Builder uses natural language input props.
The more specific the GPT input prompt, the better the output
prompt result.
Lastly, your GPT can be shared to the chat GPT.
Store that launches in January 2024.
This has the potential to make you lots of money.
If done right.
The first custom GPT that we'll be looking at tonight is one
that I created called Business Jump starter.
It's a custom GPT that can walk a user through the process of
starting a business.
In the US, it is an expert in state tax codes and regulations.
I had to make it state specific because it returned too broad of
answers.
I was getting things from other countries.
It was.
It was a nightmare.
And it all.
It surprisingly only took about an hour to create, so really not
a lot of time involved into this.
The second GPT that I created is called Wiz Chef.
It's a custom GPT that is an expert in baking culinary art,
molecular gastronomy and food safety.
I used it to help me make holiday chocolates for friends
this year.
I it is also able to create images of what a final product
should look like.
In this case I asked it what properly tempered chocolate
should look like and it gave me the top image.
Uh here and the bottom image is my chocolate that I made and it
it's properly tempered as you can see the shine.
This one I had a lot of fun making.
The last GPT that will be looking at tonight that I
created is called Wizard.
It's a GPT that could can create basic entity relationship
diagrams or ERD's or birds.
This was more of a proof of concept as it can have issues
when there is high server demand because it requires a lot of
processing power like the Dali image generator and data
analysis it.
It uses a lot of resources compared to the other two GPT
that I've created.
The enterprise chat GPT would probably be where this GPT would
drive due to sensitive company data needed for creating ERD.
This was the most frustratingly fun out of the three GPT that I
made because it gave me the most.
It gave me the most errors.
I mean specific specificity is key to getting good output
prompts, especially with this one.
You might be thinking what's the point of making these GPT if I
can't make money off of them?
Well, that will soon be changing because coming in January 2024,
the GPT store will be launching.
And it will allow users to publish their custom GPT to the
store, and GPT creators can make money.
The exact payment structure, however, has not been released
yet.
OK and.
Now I was gonna do the live demo of this GPT that I created.
I was gonna do a wee chef, and I mean, I was gonna ask it.
What's for dinner?
What?
What we could make for dinner tonight?
Because I gave it that ability.
So can you all see it?
I think so.
OK, OK. Yes.
We, chef.
OK, what is a good chicken noodle?
Super recipe.
As you can see, it's giving out every.
Ingredient that you need for it?
I mean, this is just basic, but I mean I see a lot of potential
in this.
I mean, have people who don't know really how to cook could
easily figure out a great way to utilize their budgets.
And.
I'll also show you the ohh.
I'm also gonna put these into the.
Chat if I can find it.
Umm.
Alright.
If anybody wants to follow along.
And then here is the business jump starter one.
Ohh.
And I was just gonna show a I think somebody.
I'm gonna show how to ask it how to create a business in
California.
And I mean as you can see, it's pretty straightforward.
I also show you the the how to create a new GPT.
It's very simple, just.
Umm.
You just tell it what you wanted to do.
Let's we could do a.
A Dungeons and Dragons expert.
And.
As you can see, it's updating the GPT.
It's very simple like you don't need any experience in coding.
You just have to talk to it.
You have to know how to umm.
You just know how to it have to know how to be specific and.
And know what you want.
Because the one the one wizard, the one GPT that I created
called Wizard, it uses a lot of it.
I was trying to have it upload and it kept not reading the file
because I forgot to tell it how to that it could read that it
could read these files so.
Umm yeah, it's just specific specificity.
But yeah, and then.
Yeah, you just set this.
OK, so it said.
How about we name this GPT dungeon guide?
So yeah, that sounds good.
And then.
It's going to generate a profile picture here.
Like it?
And then all you do is.
Save it under.
How?
Guess I'll call this lifestyle.
And confirm.
And boom, now we have a Dungeons and Dragons.
GPT.
Very simple, straightforward.
Don't be scared about it.
Don't don't be intimidated.
If you ever wanna do this because it is, it is very, very
very simple.
I think that's that's my time that I have.
So yeah, I'll stop sharing and I will share the the links in the
chat again.
Great.
Kyle, that's very good.
Very good.
Anyone have any questions for Kyle?
Just a quick question about the chocolate.
Was it like, did you say it was like a specific chocolate is
making their milk chocolate and great job, by the way.
It was.
It was milk chocolate that I infused.
Umm.
Infuse like.
Yeah.
With cannabis.
Like give you sorry.
Cannabis.
Yeah, that's ohh.
OK, never mind.
Yeah, yeah.
Sorry.
Yeah, and thank you.
Yeah, for change is a great state.
Yeah, yeah.
Ah.
Uh, glad.
Thanks. Lucky.
I like the idea about chocolate though.
Oh yeah, it's it it.
Umm, because I've done that myself.
I.
Yeah, it was it the the tempering was what really was
Cream chocolate? Yeah.
Uh-huh.
tricky at first because I was like I you gotta have a specific
temperature range for it.
Umm.
And then if you don't get it in there, yeah, or if you get too
Keep stirring. Mm-hmm.
much air into, it becomes too fluffy and OK.
Right.
Yeah.
If you think about being relaxed when you do it kind of soothing,
then it comes out a lot better than if you rush it.
Umm, because I watch somebody else do tempering of chocolate
and they're so calm and they're talking story to other people.
I mean, you're talking and chatting and so that's what I
mean by stories.
But anyway, it came out really well, so that's very interesting
about the.
PGIP 9 see.
I'll get that straight one day.
The chat GPT. OK.
Any other questions for Kyle?
A1.
I'd like to buy all your chocolate bars.
Depends if it's legal.
Because then you know if you are in a different state, it might
It's.
be illegal to, you know, mail.
I can always give.
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
It's fun.
Can now can't.
It's SpongeBob, but yeah, yeah, it would be illegal to send it
Umm.
here.
OK.
Now, if you were in Virginia, that that.
I I wouldn't mind gifting your song.
I don't know where he lives so.
Minnesota's legal, too, so.
OK.
Yeah.
Then Nikki was saying you'll need chocolate carrying bags.
Yeah, that would be kind of cool.
Put your logo on it.
Advertise your chocolates? Mm-hmm.
Uh.
Ohh yeah, I got if this whole data analysis IT.
He doesn't work out.
I have a I have an idea that I can probably become a a
chocolatier and the create my own business.
Umm.
Wonkas GPT chocolates.
Yeah.
Something like that.
I would love let me know I we connect on LinkedIn if you ever
Yeah.
really were to do that.
Well, I think you need to check on the mail regulations because
Val makes a valid point in chat, he said.
Ohh yes yes.
Mail is federal, so I don't believe he can send it all
legally yet.
So it depends on States and federal Carol, especially
federal, especially if you gonna mail it because they have they
do you know scan the mail and make sure it's legal.
Yeah, alright.
Thanks.
That's a lie, I know.
It's.
Yeah, not the male part.
Just going to like a store like in person, not mailing though,
because it's like illegal.
Still kind of stuff.
I don't know.
Yeah.
Depends on where kissing.
It's not legal to send in the mail, but you can do it anyway.
That's up to you.
But anyway, I aside from that any other questions for Kyle
before we go, I want to our next person.
No questions.
Thank you so much.
No questions.
But the job, Kyle?
OK, the next presenter is Hannah.
Uh.
Hannah, you ready?
I'm gonna just share these links real quick in the chat again.
Thanks Kyle.
Yes, I am.
Let me go ahead and share.
Wait, go ahead.
OK, well I'm getting it pulled up on my topic that I chose was
how AI contributes to confirmation bias.
Uh, uh?
Actually might need to reshare that because I don't think I
checked to share sound and I have a video clip.
OK.
Try again.
What is that?
Your camera's on.
There you go. Yeah.
My camera's on there.
Yeah, your camera's on.
So O.
Is it mine?
I don't think it is.
Yeah. OK.
I don't know.
Somebody is.
OK, can already see my screen.
Thanks. Yes.
Yes.
Perfect.
OK, confirmation bias down the AI rabbit hole.
Umm, there you go as long as you have existed.
There have been biases, biases towards location, people,
religious beliefs, food and so much more biases in our nature.
And it is also enhanced by simple things that we may not
even consider streaming services, social media and
search engines, and even the emerging big name, a IIS like
trash EBT are guilty of this contribution.
These things are designed with algorithms in mind to learn from
our habits and patterns in order to best cater to our desires.
And while this may seem like a gift, it is actually detrimental
in our pursuit of unbiased information.
This is not to say we can or ever will eliminate bias as a
whole.
Humans are wired to have opinions, and it's OK if they
differ.
This becomes dangerous is when we become pigeonholed and one
sided in our thinking, where we fall down the rabbit hole.
So it's built some foundation here.
What exactly is confirmation bias?
Merriam-webster designs defines confirmation as an actor process
of confirming, confirming, proof, or corroboration, which
seems pretty straightforward, and bias is defined as the
inclination of temperament or outlook, especially a personal
and sometimes unreasoned judgment.
A synonym being prejudice, so confirmation bias is the
confirmation and evidentiary support of a particular
viewpoint or stance, and one thing that contributes to this
is not considering the source.
I'm going to play this quick little clip here.
No.
Yeah.
Before you believe something's true, hit pause and make sure
you consider the reason it was made.
Now you may be asking Hannah, why should I care about
confirmation bias?
How does this affect me and what makes it so dangerous and to
that I say great question.
Confirmation bias matters because it's often the first
step down the rabbit hole of misinformation.
You feed yourself information that backs up your claims,
scouring and searching for little gleam of your viewpoint
and everything around you falls in line, marching to the beat of
your drum.
Today's world is configured at your fingertips to show you what
you want and what you like.
Countless engineers and algorithms have been put into
place to monitor and provide you what you would most like to see
in every online and honor.
The danger here is that you get put into an echo chamber and our
pigeonholed, based on your personality, leading you further
and further down a hole of misinformation, creating a
divide between groups of people.
We tend to get so caught up in our information that's put in
front of us that we don't stop to question its reliability and
tension or source.
So how does AI contribute to confirmation bias?
AI seems like a new age concept with the emergence of big name
alms or large language models like barred and chat GPT, but
it's actually been around for ages, influencing and prodding
us towards this.
The decisions that we are freely making other familiar names that
utilize AI to target content to their users include Facebook,
Twitter, Amazon, Netflix, and even Google.
Older AIS relied upon passive interaction like data collection
to learn from its users and best predict what an end user would
want to see or interact with the most.
This kind of design tends to put you in an echo Chamber of sorts,
reinforcing or confirming your beliefs, thoughts and opinions.
AIS like chat, GPT rely on direct, intentional inputs from
the end user, which, depending on how its input again go back
sentiments the user already believes to be true and provide
responses, reinforcing that belief system.
The question remains, can AI help humans to overcome our own
biases, or will it further doom us to repeat our mistakes and
close our minds to dissenting viewpoints?
This point all signs seem to point to the end user and their
desires in using these resources.
Some AI algorithms that you may have encountered are things that
we consistently use in our everyday lives.
Big name frequently used apps applications like Netflix
utilize machine learning to recommend the most relevant
content to its end users.
These are things that you would most likely enjoy based upon the
similar content that you've previously devoured.
Google Search Engine uses a number of things to personalize
your results, including but not limited to results tailored to
you based on your past activity and interactions.
Filtering out information to thanks to search you would find
most irrelevant.
Instagram and Facebook use AI to help target your feed order.
What content and whose content you will see based upon
categories of signals they have previously defined, and they
also use this to identify harmful and pleasant content set
to each user's preference.
They're trying to further implement user feedback, which
I'm sure we've all seen in the form of targeted ads asking how
you may have felt about an ad you seen, or if you saw an ad
further tailoring your experience and catering to what
you want to see.
So how exactly do these algorithms function?
Let's dive a little deeper.
Typically, social media platforms like Instagram and
Facebook will utilize A2 fold algorithm that processes content
and recommends it in tandem.
The process content is put through image filters, facial
recognition utilizing tags of location, people, places,
hashtags that are popular language translation and so much
more.
The content is then recommended in your feed based on things
that you've posted in previously interacted with.
It's put into your feed through targeted ads by you searching
for somebody recommending mutual people or trending posts and
topics providing the most relevant content and tailoring
it to again the users experience and desires.
Chachi BT relies heavily on user inputs and its initial training
to suggest results.
The way a question is framed to AI is going to skew its answer
deeply.
For example, asking Chatty BBT how does climate change impact
our society is a lot different than what are some examples that
climate change is not real?
And while AI is typically not 100% incorrect, a study
conducted by pointer in a 40 test data set noted that the A I
made a mistake would not answer or do a different conclusion
than the team had previously found to be true.
About 50% of the time, thus discrediting its ability to
discern hard backs from opinions or completely false statements,
making it an unreliable source.
Google utilizes a number of factors to determine what
results are shown in the top of a search, and also suggested in
the search function what that autocomplete feature according
to their own help forum, it uses a combination of the time at
which the search is conducted, the context of the question, and
the users past searches to provide the best results to the
end users in a specific group.
Google also utilizes factors like purchase history and
location attained through tracking its users to provide
certain results, and may provide differing results for the same
end user based on the computer that they're using and what the
computer they're using and what searches they've previously
conducted.
Correlation, causation, and assumption are the three LED
deadly sins of research and wonderful foundation for
confirmation bias.
Here are some hot topic examples where end users are fed and echo
chamber and browsers like Google and Bing of information and
again fall into the rabbit hole that leads them to their current
believing algorithms and sectioning.
For recommended information, create a large phenomenon that
has often been referred to as the filter bubble.
The filter bubble is especially prevalent in the pursuit of
political topics, and I'm sure we've all seen heated debates or
been a part of them ourselves based upon certain belief
systems we hold and are all well versed in the efforts of both
sides and all sides to discredit the other and a Wall Street
Journal article they performed an examination of Google search
results provided to individuals during the election held in 2012
and their findings showed that results were often tailored to
the searchers, previous patterns and history leading them to
confirm whatever they believed and believed that this played a
significant role in the outcome of the 2012 election results.
Another example that I'm sure we've all heard of is the Flat
Earth phenomenon.
There are large groups of people who have emerged lately and
continue to believe, as was previously believed, that the
Earth is indeed flat and not round in shape, and a Forbes
magazine article they described a you Gov poll that was
conducted for 8215 US adults aged 18 to 24.
In this survey, they found that only 66% of these American
voting aged adults fully believed the Earth was round.
This means that 30% of these people polled believe the Earth
is flat or some other shape.
If you take the time to research any of these topics in Google,
the search engine will continue to click, continue to show you
things based upon what you've previously clicked on and the
viewpoint will lead you down a path of similar content.
Similarly, on platforms like YouTube and Instagram and
Facebook, suggested videos and content will be shown to you at
going content that you've seen previously and trending posts
from influential famous people, politicians, and socialites who
share a point of view that you've already interacted with.
These people found themselves devouring information in support
of this mind frame, and even something that I would venture
to guess the vast majority of us agree on, like the world being
round is now an uncertainty for 34% of Americans that were asked
in this survey.
Another event that may hit a little too close to home, but
we're all definitely familiar with is COVID-19, and we can all
agree there was a vast amount of misinformation spread during
this time frame.
There was a lot of information about different kinds of
treatments, whether they were real or not.
Scapegoating and blaming mischaracterization of the
symptoms and the disease.
What exactly everyone needed, and a lot of fear mongering on
every side.
For instance, I'm sure we're all familiar with toilet paper and
paper towel shortages.
Limiting on how many masks you could buy.
The information surrounding whether or not you could breathe
with a mask on and the demographics and numbers for
everybody that passed away or was infected with the disease.
The constant spread of misinformation was rapid, and it
led to a lot of tension and confusion across the nation's
only further because catastrophize by Google
searches, providing people with results echoing back what they
wanted to hear.
Now I'm going to play a quick trailer for a movie that covers
this topic really well, and I recommend that all of you watch
it.
If you are interested by this at all, it's called the social
dilemma, and it involves a lot of the top engineers for
companies like Twitter, Facebook, Google and Instagram
that breakdown the algorithms used to track user data and
exactly what it's used for and how it creates these echo
chambers.
When you go to Google and type in climate change is you're
going to see different results depending on where you live and
the particular things that Google knows about your
interest.
That's not by accident.
That's a design technique.
What I want people to know is that everything they're doing
online is being watched is being tracked.
Every single action you take is carefully monitored and
recorded.
The search box and Facebook just a place to see what my friends
are doing.
What they don't realize is there's an entire teams of
engineers whose job is to use your psychology against you.
What was the Co inventor of the Facebook like button?
I was the President of Pinterest, Google, Twitter,
Instagram.
They were meaningful changes happening around the world
because of these platforms.
I think we were naive about the flip side of that coin me get
rewarded by parts like thumbs up, and we conflate that with
value, and we conflate it with truth.
A whole generation is more anxious, more depressed.
I always felt like fundamentally it was the force for good.
I don't know if I feel that way anymore.
Facebook discovered that they were able to defect real world
behavior and emotions without ever triggering the users
awareness.
They are completely clueless.
Fake news spreads 6 times faster than true news.
We're being bombarded with rumors.
If everyone's entitled to their own facts, there's really no
need for people to come together.
In fact, there's really no need for people to interact.
We have less control over who we are and what we really believe.
If you want to control the population of your country,
there is never been a tool as effective as Facebook.
We built these things and we have a responsibility to change
it.
The intention could be how do we make the world better if
technology creates mass chaos, loneliness, more polarization,
more election hacking, more inability to focus on the real
issues, we're toast.
This is checkmate on humanity, so when I go ahead and stop the
clip here just for time sake and go forward.
But I definitely encourage you to watch the movie.
It's a great watch.
OK, now let's dive a little deeper into how social media
impacts by is.
There's a lot of celebrities and we'll see a lot of big names
posting on social media.
One big thing that I came across in my research was a interaction
where Kyrie Irving, a famous NBA player, tweeted several times
about the Earth being flat.
He faced severe backlash for this in 2018 and was made to
make a public apology, retraction and statement
regarding this.
Now he claims that the tweet was to spark conversation on the
topic.
He's a big, firm believer in conspiracy theories, and he
wanted to demonstrate how quickly misinformation can
spread.
And boy, did he do that.
He definitely showed how quickly and how unintentionally you can
influence all these people that are young and naive.
We've all heard the fake news epidemic.
I'm sure we're very familiar with the clips of politicians
and news outlets saying this is fake news.
That's fake news.
Well, Cornell University has defined fake news as the
fabricated information that mimics news media content and
form, but not in process or intent.
Fake news lacks the news media's editorial norms and processes
for ensuring the accuracy and credibility of information.
Fake news basically refers to everything that is distributed
with the intent of being misleading or false.
Uh, we can look at articles on sites like the Onion and The
Oatmeal, which are completely satirical but taken out of
context by confused researchers who don't consider their source
now further spreading misinformation.
Due to this just being at the top of the algorithm.
Four times sake I unfortunately probably will not be able to do
this interactive portion, but if you want to do this with your
family, it's actually really interesting.
I did this with my brother and my mom and myself.
We all live in different places and have different backgrounds
and I had everyone just kind of type into Google.
Climate change is, and we all read our first predictive result
and everyone's was different.
It's very interesting to see how your past interactions with
Google will dictate what this shows and does.
Now that we've established how many less than credible
information sources there are out there, let's check out some
alternatives that do not utilize AI to cater to their end users,
desires and habits, and use less tracking in order to give you
information.
One search engine that I actually encountered and was
told about by professor in my time here was DuckDuckGo, and
many of you may already have heard of this, or even utilize
it as your default browser.
It increased in populator.
You're around 2008 during the boom of users wanting more
privacy online, and has definitely attracted on a more
right wing audience.
But despite this does not pander or create that echo chamber or
bubble, doctor goes own information, help page states
the following.
When people search, we believe they're looking for answers as
opposed to just links and our long term goal is to get you
instant answers from the best sources possible.
Another wonderful resource if you want to get a little old
school is the Public Library.
Libraries have always represented a Center for
knowledge uncensored in its entirety, and while humans can
still find results on a topic to support their viewpoint,
libraries will always have information readily available on
both sides of the topic.
Without any ranking system and conducting my research for this
topic.
However, I did kind of find a fatal flaw and you may all be
noticing it as well.
This entire presentation is proof in the pudding that the
topic for the topic at hand.
I researched founders Olson articles and movies to support
my stance and viewpoint and AI.
YouTube and Google were more than happy to show me what I
wanted to see.
Whether you think this discredits are ads merit, it
definitely makes you wonder just how censored we are being, and
if AI has gone too far into making us complacent and happy,
thus hindering our ability to differentiate fact from fiction
and polarizing US against each other.
Enforcing viewpoints, confirming viewpoints and biases, and is
entirely is not entirely to blame on AI.
But it's definitely made the problem.
Has it made the problem worse?
Well, my research would point to yes.
Any question?
The earth is flat.
I'm starting a rumor.
Someone said the earth was flat.
I did hear that.
Umm.
That that rumor starting but good job, that's a really a good
presentation.
Uh, someone has a question?
Let me.
I don't see the hand now, huh?
Yeah.
Anyone have questions for Hannah?
No questions, no questions.
Very interesting.
Just reading some of the chat information there.
No, I don't think there is any questions.
But good job though.
Good job.
Thank you.
It's better than mine.
All right, so we have next to mine.
We have Garrett Stroud.
Are you ready, Garrett?
Sure.
As ready as I'll ever be.
OK, sounds good to me.
I thought it was a little bit later, but that's OK.
What one person wants to go last so.
Yeah, me.
You went to go last too now, OK.
No, I'm kidding.
No, I'm OK.
Umm.
Alright, the where did I save this off to?
What's the button that I'm gonna have to press in this to make it
pull up the slide notes?
Do you know that?
Ohm.
Well, with the slide notes, usually if you have.
I thought it was in slide show.
Could be.
I haven't used that one, but then usually what I do is I
print out my notes separately and so I can, you know?
Yeah, because I only have 1 display.
Uh.
Or monitor and so while it's going and then I I can keep
reading my notes on the side.
OK.
Try the slide show and see if that works for you.
You'll have to share your screen before you know if we can see
your notes or not though.
Yes, of course.
That's OK.
I'll just pull it up on another computer.
Ohk OK.
Umm, that part of it.
Let's see.
Share window tab.
OK.
Can you see the whole screen as it in the right spot now?
Yes.
OK.
I like it.
So my master class presentation is about mobile device hacks.
Umm, the topics that I'll be going over to today are
Bluetooth hacks, Wi-Fi spoofing, and man in the middle.
Umm Pretexting social engineering smishing and
throughout the whole thing I'll also be talking about the
preventative measures of each of these.
So the first Bluetooth hack is bluesnarfing.
It's got a pretty funny name.
Blue Snarfing is a Bluetooth exploit in which a malicious
actor gains access to information on the device
without permission of the user of the wireless device.
Umm, the vulnerability takes advantage of early versions of
Bluetooth.
Uh, so some of the uh.
Most common things that like a threat actor will go after are
to steal contact information.
Umm from your phone, emails, texts and other personal
information that's available.
Umm, you also really wouldn't know that this is happening to
you.
This is all something that runs without.
The operating system on on like a phone or tablet.
The next Bluetooth hack is blue bugging.
Blue bugging is more advanced and a more serious threat then
bluesnarfing.
This goes through a security vulnerability found in Bluetooth
enabled devices that gives a malicious actor unauthorized
access control.
The reason why this is more dangerous is because they could
make phone calls from your phone or they can send text messages
and I ease drop on various conversations that you're
having.
And they they operate pretty silently, like this isn't gonna
trigger any kind of notification, and you won't have
any recollection on your phone.
Like if they were to send a text message or make a phone call
from your phone, it won't show up in the history.
So you could be on 2 phone calls at once.
The next Bluetooth hack is blue.
Jacking umm, this is more of a prank.
Uh, that people will play.
They're pretty harmless in nature, and it's typically just
someone having fun with you.
It's unsolicited text messages that you probably don't want to
see.
Something that I've done with this in my local Community
College.
I connect to uh people's discoverable Bluetooth devices
and as they walk by, I'd take it control of their air pods and
I'd play random music into them.
Umm, so it always left people like what the heck is happening
here?
Umm.
Anyway, blue jacking.
Have the way to stop that is to not leave your devices in
Discovery mode.
It's it's, it's pretty much the only way you can get in despite
connecting on an open channel.
The best preventatives for Bluetooth hacks are to keep
Bluetooth in a non discovery mode.
This is like on on your phone.
Anyway, you could you could have the Bluetooth open like on and
pairing.
You'd wanna turn that off when you're not using it.
Uh.
And then also doing updates on your devices and any firmware
updates are the best way to prevent against these Bluetooth
hacks.
Umm and only pair to Bluetooth devices that you know?
Umm, they can.
They can lead you to have any of these effects that we just
mentioned.
The next category is Wi-Fi spoofing, and man in the middle.
Umm should always be on the lookout for rogue Wi-Fi hotspots
or everywhere.
Umm.
They're typically named after businesses.
Think about like a local coffee shop like Starbucks.
So.
So people will take the an SSD like they can make or an SSID
like a Starbucks guest Wi-Fi.
That's what the name of this Wi-Fi network could be.
Umm that they can just name it whatever they want and and and
sit in these businesses and you'd have no idea unless you
were looking out for it.
You might notice that the.
That these wifis have stronger network signals than the real
networks that are already established there.
That's a common way to find out whether or not this is a rogue
Wi-Fi hotspot.
If you connect to one of these rogue hotspots, the things you
look up on the Internet can lead you to other places that install
malware.
This person can also ease drop on anything that you do.
If you go to your mobile banking, they can get passwords
as they're in plain text for them to read.
They can also grab any other passwords that you are using
when you log into websites, you can get session hijack, which is
where they're able to pick up on session cookies and gain access
to pages that you've been on.
Umm the best preventatives for this are to avoid public Wi-Fi
when able.
You don't know what kind of securities going on and who else
could be watching what you do.
It's important to Patch device operating systems and patch
applications that have security vulnerabilities.
Umm, a VPN encrypts your Internet usage.
This will prevent most man in the middle attacks.
It's very hard to get around VPN.
Umm someone would have to be a highly sophisticated attacker to
to break it.
So if you have to use a public Wi-Fi, make sure using a VPN
because it stops anything pretty much.
I mean there there's ways around it, but you could you could be
connected to VPN and and to that.
Malicious.
Malicious Wi-Fi hotspot and be good.
Umm also you using HTTPS will help not give away credentials
in plaintext but.
There's there's other problems with it.
Uh, like you, you can't completely trust it unless
you're using a VPN as well.
The next topic is Pretexting and social engineering.
Umm.
Attackers have been getting very crafty with attacks.
They will call you on the phone and try to get you to do things
for them.
The first thing is that there's impersonation.
An attacker might pretend to be IP, IT support management or
another colleague asking you to do something for them.
This can be a phone call or text message.
Typically they'll ask you for information that could be
confidential or credentials, or maybe even like 2 factor codes
that you have on your cell phone.
It's important to recognize the signs of the social engineering
attack.
Then I'll move on to fishing.
Fishing takes many forms.
The the main one that you'll encounter in the workplace is
fishing from emails.
Umm.
This this will include bad links or malware.
The way that Pretexting comes into this is when when people
take and impersonate people that you know and they spend an email
account from a person with that name.
So it looks less suspicious.
Umm, other forms of fishing are in text messages and phone
calls.
I'll kind of go for that in the in the next slide.
But yeah, and then identity theft can occur when someone
convinces you from your bank to give up details about yourself.
Uh, they can open up new credit cards with information that
they've gathered from you and drained bank accounts.
Umm, something that kind of covers this whole base of
pretexting social engineering and personation fishing.
Umm is noble four.
It's a it's an online software.
Umm that that has lots of user education.
I I've used it pretty much everywhere I go and I
incorporate it if they don't already have something like that
in place. Umm.
No.
Before in the administration console, you can give people
simulated phishing attacks.
One that I've specifically used is uh, I made a March Madness
email last year, and the email came from
joey.basketball@basketball.com.
And then said, hey, I'm gonna give you.
$1,000,000 if you fill out the perfect NCAA NCAA Men's
basketball championship like that, the big tournament that
happens in March, if you fill out the perfect bracket, you'll
get $1,000,000.
Click this link to go fill out your bracket and you wouldn't
believe the kind of people that clicked on.
It was more than half of an organization that has all the
security training, but it didn't seem to work.
So education.
Education.
Education is really important.
Umm.
Now I'll get into some of the more mobile side of this
smishing. Uh.
It's missing is short for SMS phishing.
This will attempt to trick you into giving away personal
information or clicking on malicious links.
These messages will try to act like a legitimate source on the
content.
Inside it is usually.
Usually will show a sense of urgency, offering discounts if
you ask, not, or if you act now, the text message will often have
a link involved because it is simpler then communicating with
a real person back and forth.
Umm, there are many applications that allow people to spoof their
phone number, so you should make sure that this is coming from a
legitimate source.
Some people also put malware into links that can take over
devices, so be careful what you click on umm.
There's a lot of robot callers as well.
This isn't mentioned.
In my slide here.
Umm, lots of times you'll get spam calls from people and.
You really shouldn't answer them or say anything because they're
kind of just recording your voice and trying to get, uh,
well, you know all about AI, probably a I can take your voice
and use it to impersonate you.
So just be careful what you say on these phone calls.
The best preventative lives to, umm, combat these attacks are to
update your firmware.
This will help prevent a lot of these phishing links from going
through and taking over your device.
And provides you the best shot against an attack.
If you were to click on anything, it's also important to
increase your awareness on what these attacks look like.
They really do follow patterns, something that I should have
paid for.
This presentation is provide an actual example and show you what
what these phishing look like and how do I identify them.
But that's hindsight.
I would also recommend that you only respond to known contacts.
The last advice is to not click on links.
The link can say it is going somewhere and it could say like
facebook.com but.
You can embed other links inside of links, so just be careful
what you click on.
Thanks.
Good job, Garrett.
That was really good.
Umm, I didn't write a questions page.
Does anyone have any questions?
But a lot of great jobs.
Great job in the comments.
None here.
Does anyone have any questions on this or?
I didn't see any questions.
OK.
Well, I guess not, but I do have a question about your
background.
Is it?
Is it in PowerPoint or did you create your own?
Uh, what do you mean?
Background.
Well, you know the you know, the, UM, the lines and stuff.
Ohh for those.
Yeah.
I just used a a template that was provided on PowerPoint.
Ohh, something that already had ohk OK.
Yeah.
And then I and then I just deleted the text boxes and put
my own text boxes in.
Oh yes.
Correct, correct, cool.
There were a bunch of pictures of random people on these.
Ohh really?
On these slides, I had to delete the pictures of them and then I
had to delete the text boxes to that were or that wanted you to
Umm.
put your own image inside so.
Right, right.
Of course, but I like that, you know.
Using something that using it for your you know for your
presentation.
Well, good job.
Uh, let's see.
Thank you.
Our next person is Jaden Baker.
It's.
Hello everyone I will share my screen.
Sounds good.
Does everyone see it?
Yes.
OK, so today I'm presenting procedural terrain generation
and wait.
Let me click on this.
It's not moving.
Ohh yeah, and 1st here's like an important forward.
It focuses the I mean, this presentation focuses on the
procedural side of things, especially about Perlin noise.
Knowing how to make and modify meshes is a vital skill when it
comes to procedural terrain generation, but it's outside the
scope of this presentation.
If you have any questions about anything, I don't explicitly
explain, please ask them.
So an introduction to procedural generation, procedural
generation started to be used in video games to allow developers
to create random and unique experiences.
Commonly this is used to make terrain where 2D Perlin noise
maps are used to raise and lower certain parts of a terrain to
create believably or believable randomly generated landscapes,
and the following presentation I'll explain how Perlin noise is
used to create procedural terrain and how it can be used
to create for a terrain with biomes.
So.
Perlin noise is different from make of their noise.
Rather than being completely random, the change in values is
smooth.
This algorithm was invented by Ken Perlin.
Black represents 0, White represents one and all the
different shades of Gray between them are a floated between the
two.
So would you make this?
Well, you would need to create an array to store the values.
O you would create an array based on the size of the grid.
Then you'd iterate over each part of that array and sample a.
Sample from a Perlin noise that up, sorry.
It would iterate over each array value and sample from a Perlin
noise map.
Using the position is in the array and a scaling value to
zoom in and out a large scale value will produce a smoother
map and a smaller one will produce a noisier map.
So on the left here you have a low scale value, say 0.1.
It kind of looks like TV static and it's not very useful, but on
the right there's a high scale value.
It's much more blurry, but it has more defined features.
And how do you make this look more like landscape?
Well, you use octaves.
Octaves are additional layers of noise used to create more
detailed terrain.
Each octave adds more detail, creating a more natural
landscape.
The image on the right is the same one as the high scale
value, but with eight octaves instead and on the left.
That's what 6 octaves looks like, but on the right, that's
what one octave looks like.
What one on the left looks a lot more realistic.
And so you've made your Perlin noise array, but you can't just
use them directly, because Perlin noise has a maximum value
of 1 and a minimum of 0.
You'll have to multiply all the values by a height multiplier
before using it to generate terrain.
So without a height multiplayer, the terrain you generate looks
pretty flat.
You can see slight changes, but it's not really noticeable, but
if you use the height multiplayer and in this example
of 46 now the terrain looks a lot more like terrain.
So how do you use these values?
Well, once you have an array of values, you can either change
each.
You can either raise the vertices of a mesh to a certain
height to match the Perlin values, or like in the AC gaming
project, each hexagon object has its vertical position set to the
value of the Perlin noise, and this image right here is exactly
what this array of Perlin noise looks like.
Using the second technique and now.
Procedural biomes.
You can make procedural biomes by using two Perlin noise maps,
one for temperature and one for humidity.
Then if you sample both of the maps at the same point, you can
compare the two set values for your biomes.
A desert would be an area with low humidity and high
temperature, but a tundra would be an area with low humidity and
low temperature.
So using Minecraft is is an example.
In 1.2 alpha they used a pretty basic system.
As explained before, to determine the biomes of the map
and by using the Perlin noise it, Minecraft is able to achieve
a smooth transition between the biomes without an abrupt change.
But since then they have switched to a way more advanced
system.
Well, how do you use these two Perlin maps?
Well, once you have your bio maps, you can then set rules for
what will procedurally spawn in an area.
All you need to do is sample the humidity and temperature of the
location and object will be spawning in these trees and the
area of we're allowed to spawn because they met the values for
the temperature and humidity.
If they couldn't meet the requirements, it would either be
replaced with an appropriate alternative or it just won't be
spawned at all.
So with all that information, go make the next Minecraft.
That's all.
Any questions?
Oh wait, did is everyone talking about not seeing it?
OK, OK.
No questions.
OK.
Thank you everyone.
Thank you.
That was a good job on that, Jaden.
It just took me a little while to understand what you're
talking about, but I do understand because I used to
play the old games where you could tell the the difference of
the terrain.
Should I suppose I got a question about that.
How does that like?
How do you go from that to something with like high
fidelity and like a like modern looking environment or game or
whatever?
So you would you would use way more detailed like the I don't
have an image no right here.
So this is basically a resolution of 256 by 256.
This map right here I need to share.
Sorry and so.
Yeah.
The resolution of this map is actually kind of low.
It's only 256 by 256 O you can I mean the so the the shape flat,
the flat shading is intentional, but you can see that it's pretty
blocky but in more detailed procedural maps they will have a
way more detailed resolution for the.
Of the amount of points that would be sampled from the Perlin
noise.
Umm, I haven't really done much realistic looking procedural map
generation, but there's.
OK, sorry.
OK.
Uh, there's other ways you can do it.
Like I've been experimenting with the AC gaming project with
like stacking things on top of each other and then also
removing things from it and that's kind of what Minecraft
does, but sorry if I didn't answer your question. I'm.
Now you're good now basically.
Basically like increase the octaves and then I'm sure
there's different programs that you know depending on what
materials you're you're desiring within your landscape that you
could throw in after the fact or as part of the entirety of it.
Umm yeah, I was very excited to present this, but I'm also very
nervous.
Now here.
Good.
Umm.
You did a great job.
And wait, there's there's another question, but I'll stop
sharing the read it.
But Jacob, it just depends on the the the engine you're using.
There's no best language, but you just use the language that
your game engine uses or your custom engine uses.
Hmm.
They know a lot of time and now the graphics are so much better
than it used to be.
Umm, coming from you know we have the little blocks
everywhere in two now.
It's like very smooth and you can, you know, see the specifics
on the, umm, things like trees, the mountains look more like a
mountain.
Good job, I enjoyed that. Umm.
And it's and it's making people have to buy $1500 graphics cards
just to play a AAA game.
I know, I know.
Yes, I still have one.
That's too cheap.
I have one, umm, a game that I like playing and it's only on a
3 1/2 inch floppy disk.
It's doesn't take any hard drive space at all, but but umm, I I
just have to have an old computer with a slot to put it
in because nowadays you don't have slots for 3 1/2 inch disc.
Nor CD ROMs.
Yeah.
No.
See the rooms?
But I have an external.
I've gotten away with that, but.
Great.
That's on that great uh Jaden.
Thank you.
It's out, my man.
Uh.
Next person up Logan Smith, Are you ready?
I'm ready.
Is my mic working OK?
Great.
Perfect.
Yes, I can hear you.
Let me just.
Is it showing the notes or the slide?
I have the slide.
OK, perfect.
OK.
Ohh wait I did not check the audio thing.
The audio, OK, go back out.
I like that background though.
OK, should be good now hopefully.
Ah.
OK.
Hi, I'm Logan.
My presentation is gonna be on protecting the power grid.
If I OK, I'm going to start with a quote from Kathy Rogers, who
is the chair of the House Energy and Commerce Committee quote for
a more prosperous and secure future.
We must safeguard our electric grid from external threats like
cyber attacks, physical attacks and other disturbances.
So looking at what I'm going to talk about here, we have Section
1, which is the grid today.
Moving on to Section 2, which will be threats to the Grid,
Section 3 after math and recovery and then Section 4 the
right steps.
Now in this first section, we will briefly discuss the history
of commercialized electricity and the accompanying
infrastructure across different US regions.
Uh, so the the world's first power plant finished
construction on September 4th, 1882, led by Thomas Edison.
The plant consisted of 6 Dynamos using steam engines powered by
coal to convert the motion of Pistons into electricity.
Because of this revolutionary moment in history, a small
number of blocks in lower Manhattan were the first
candidates for entering a local power grid.
The New York Times reported this story just one day after
Edison's Pearl Street station opened.
And they were also one of the first customers in line for
Edison's electric lights.
Now, at the dawn of World War Two, US utility companies worked
independently, which provided an inconsistent supply of power in
order to boost manufacturing for the war, the federal government
mandated interconnected interconnectedness for power
utilities, which started the formation of power grids as we
know them today.
By 1970, most of the US was covered by two major grades.
Texas, on the other hand, opted out from these mandates and
today remains detached from both of the two grids.
In 2024, the topological mappings of the major grids are
essentially the same as they were in the 70s, but power
consumption in the US has increased by roughly 44%.
Now moving on to Section 2, we're going to be talking about
threats to the grid.
So you know if it's all connected like where do the
issues come from and when an area loses power save from a
downed power line, the grid attempts to redirect power to
the affected area across a different power line.
But if the outage is big enough, or if multiple happen at once,
then the normal amount of power, the normal amount of demanded
power needs to be redirected across fewer lines.
And when this happens, utility companies are forced to cut the
power to entire areas in order to protect the transmission
lines and prevent catastrophic failure on a widespread scale.
In this widespread failure is what we you know, it's what we
call blackouts.
So essentially the biggest 3 branches of of threats that face
the grid.
It can be broken up into three branches, I should say, and
those 3 branches are natural threats, which can include
earthquakes, hurricanes, winter storms, or even like asteroids
and solar flares.
The second branch is technological threats, and that
is basically malfunctions in hardware or software.
And then the third branch is human cost threats, which is
accidents, oversights, vandalism or cyber attacks.
And that brings us to the first case study I wanted to look at
here, which is cyber attacks in Kansas and from 2020 from 2012
to 2018, the Wolf Creek Nuclear Power Plant in Kansas was
periodically targeted by cyber attacks, according to McKnight,
a group of unknown cyber criminals targeted the senior
engineers of a nuclear power plant in Kansas.
The computer network was infiltrated.
Malicious links were put in place on commonly visited sites,
and malware was convincingly embedded into resume
attachments.
It remains unclear if these attacks were an attempt to
espionage or destruction, and that was from McKnight in 2023.
But with this attack, over 17,000 devices were infected
with malware, which completely compromised the energy sector of
the US.
Now these cyber attacks have grown in both frequency and
sophistication and as defensive capabilities evolve, so do the
opposing offensive capabilities.
Now the next thing I want to talk about is a risk assessment
of earthquakes on the West Coast.
Because earthquakes are a big threat to power grids in the US
and the US has many blind spots or vulnerabilities that haven't
been adequately addressed, the Western grid, for example, has a
large vulnerability to earthquakes.
The San Andreas Fault line threatens most of California,
while the Cascadia Subduction Zone threatens most of Oregon
and Washington, the case of the Cascadia Subduction Zone is
particularly terrorizing, and I'm sorry if you live in Oregon
like I do, but located 70 miles off of the Oregon coast, the
fault line produces megathrust quakes every 3 to 500 years, and
the last quake occurred in 1700.
The 1700 quake is documented and it produced a tsunami that
devastated the coast, leaving evidence of ghost forests for
modern scientists.
Japan, nearly 5000 miles away from Oregon, has records of an
orphan Manami that, unbeknownst to them at the time, was caused
by this Cascadia quake.
It is estimated to a band between an 8.7 and 9.0, but the
magnitude of these megathrust quakes produced by the Cascadia
Subduction Zone is largely dependent on how much of the
fault slips.
However, with the amount of time that has passed since the last
rupture, experts believe the fault line to be currently
capable of producing a 9.0 quake.
It, to quote the organ Legislative Assembly here, quote
the earthquake of vulnerability score for Oregon, however, is
very high because a portion of organs existing infrastructure
has been designed and constructed without seismic
resistance resistance considerations.
Now looking at this image here, the the risk from this Cascadia
subduction zone is not limited to a small portion of the coast
at all.
The the zone spans from Northern California all the way up to
northern Washington.
Worse than that, the Wanda Fuca fault plate, which is that that
long orange line there, that's the one to fuuka plate.
It's connected to the San Andreas Fault line in a way that
one of those earthquakes occurring would likely influence
the likelihood of the other occurring.
And it's not really a matter of if, but when the Cascadia quake
occurs, the western grid will face major issues.
The coast will certainly lose power, likely for months as the
quake and resulting tsunami will devastate much of the aging
infrastructure.
But the scale of these blackouts is dependent on the preparedness
and training for dealing with an incident of the scale.
Now moving on from the doom and gloom of living in Oregon, here
Section 3 is about aftermath and recovery, where we will discuss
the importance of disaster recovery plans.
And we'll also learn about a particular case involving grid
failure.
And we'll actually start there now with the short clip.
Umm, what should be very cold Arctic air usually contained up
north in the earth jet stream, dipped down into the US.
It's called a polar vortex and it's pretty common.
It's what brings the coldest air to the US during the winter.
What was unusual is for it to dip as far South as it did in
Texas, where February is typically fairly warm.
Temperatures dipped dangerously low and it came with a storm.
More than 4,000,000 Texans lost power.
Many wouldn't get it back for nearly five days.
By then, pipes had frozen.
People were melting snow for drinking water and dozens had
died from the cold in their cars and in their homes, and it was
almost even worse.
The states entire electrical grid was within seconds and
minutes of a failure that would have lasted months.
But even though the storm hit this huge area, it was really
just Texas that had major loss of power.
There's a reason for that, and it should be a warning sign for
the rest of the US.
When you flip your lights on, you're getting your electricity
from the power grid, and that grid is getting the electricity
from a bunch of different energy systems like nuclear power
plants or wind farms or natural gas facilities.
In the US, these places are generally run by private energy
companies that work with your local power utility, which
directs the electricity around the grid and into your home.
That power utility is overseen by a government Commission who
sets things like prices and safety standards and the grids
most Americans are on aren't just big, they're huge.
The entire East Coast, from Canada to Florida, is on one
grid and the entire West Coast is connected in another.
It's kind of a remarkable engineering feat.
It's probably the biggest machine humans have ever built.
While most power tends to stay local, this grid allows
electricity to flow over huge areas and between states like in
New York City, power comes from energy plants in New York, but
also from neighboring States and even Canada.
This huge grid also means an emergencies power can be
directed where it's needed, like in Oklahoma, which was also hit
bad during the February winter storm.
They needed more power and instead of completely losing it,
they were able to get electricity from neighboring
states through the grid.
But it's not so seamless to send it to Texas.
Texas opted out of the big grids back when they were being built
nearly 100 years ago.
Since they covered several states, it meant the federal
government could regulate them.
Texas was not into that.
Texas decided to kind of go it alone there, a uniquely Texas
type thing to do, right?
So most of Texas is on its own grid.
It means they don't have to follow the same regulations as
the rest of the country, like reliability and cost standards.
But it also means when it lost power in the storm, it couldn't
easily get electricity from other states.
Its independence kept it in the dark, but it wasn't the reason
it went dark in the 1st place.
Being on its own, Texas has to make all their own power.
They have a variety.
Lady of soul.
I had my mic muted for some reason.
Sorry, can you guys hear me again?
Yes.
OK.
So moving on to my next slide here, uh talking about disaster
recovery and the world that IT professionals play, because they
do have many roles within the within the topic of protecting
the power grid and some of those include developing and
maintaining procedures for before, during and after
outages, ensuring critical data is regularly backed up for
effective restoration, creating redundant systems to improve
reliability and reduce downtime.
Disaster recovery plans are created to minimize downtime and
help reduce potential damage by outlining specific procedures
and protocols to follow for specific incidents.
Not everyone in IT works in the energy sector, but both disaster
recovery plans and business continuity plans can help any
organization handle incidents with the grid.
Studying and preparing for grid failure is the central because
of the dependence that nearly every sector has with the grid.
So I'll along with disaster recovery plans, preventative
measures are needed for comprehensive security plans,
which can include anything from threat monitoring, modern
modernization.
I can't talk and the development of emergency response
strategies.
Now moving on to the last section, we can discuss the
steps being taken towards building a more secure grid.
Starting out with grid modernization.
Out.
Ohh sorry what?
Ohh sorry, that's just my knee popping.
Ohh OK my mistake.
While many vulnerabilities will take decades to address, steps
are being taken towards the creation of a secure grid to
quoteenergy.gov the US Department of Energy today
announced 42 million for 15 projects across 11 states to
improve their reliability, resiliency and flexibility of
the domestic power grid through the development of next
generation semiconductor technologies.
The plan is comprehensive and I encourage you guys to look into
the details of it, but I can briefly describe the funding
awarded to colleges and a long list of States and some of these
benefits from the technology that will be developed with this
funding includes improved grid control, load variance,
reliability, revolutionary subsystems for renewable energy
systems, the suppression of transient surges from lightning
and amp, and more.
Now one key aspect of grid modern modernist is
modernization.
I swear I can talk when I'm not public speaking.
Here it's sorry, the development of smart grids is a key aspect.
Smart grids upper two way channels for the transmission of
power in information our traditional grid system operates
with a one way channel sending power from distribution to
customers.
A smart grid uses sensors throughout transmission lines to
provide digital communication between the utility and
customer.
To quote smartgrid.gov, when a power outage occurs, smart grid
technologies will detect and isolate the outages containing
them before they become large scale blackouts.
Smart grid topologies are like network topologies in both
appearance and practice, and they both rely on IT specialists
for management.
Another quote here from Arrow in 2023 Power System Automation is
enabled by smart grid technologies that utilize state
of the art IT infrastructures to control every step of the Power
Distribution chain.
In with smart grids, however, the great becomes accessible
from nearly any device.
Now my last slide here, the last topic I wanna talk about is how
having devices connected to smart grids can cause network
vulnerability vulnerabilities.
And while smart grids offer greater protection against
natural threats, they open the door to human cost threats.
With the smart grid implementation, each new device
connected to a network offers a potential access point to be
exploited and a quote from Ignite.
In 2023, power grids are more exposed than ever to cyber
attacks, thanks in part to the vast expansion of often poorly
executed consumer Internet connected devices.
Large remote work networks and new smart grid technologies that
connect power meters remotely to aging grid infrastructure.
The rise of smart devices also calls for a rise in cyber
security awareness and training, and IT professionals have all
disciplines, not just cybersecurity, need to stay ever
vigilant in the modern age of cyber warfare.
And that is it.
Thank you.
I don't have a question saying.
That's OK.
That's very good.
I'll log in, so do.
Thanks.
I blacked out for that.
Sorry, my public speaking is monstrous.
That's OK.
Well, the more you practice it, the better.
And UM, you know, it would help if you know every, you know,
conducting meetings, like, even this one, you don't have to, you
know, be a manager to do that.
But I'm just saying, you know, the more you pack, that's the
better it is.
So do you work for a power company?
Uh, no.
I just live in Oregon and I'm really scared of earthquakes and
Ohh yeah, because then you know when you're talking about cats.
that's kind of what started it.
Cascadia is not how it's pronounced.
Yeah ha Cascadia, yeah.
Something Cascadia OK, because I watched a on The History
Channel.
It's either The History Channel or the National Geographic
Channel that I watch.
Umm, they did a a segment on it.
You know when the small volcanoes and earthquakes and
tsunamis and all this stuff, they brought that up.
What you presented about it, I thought that was interesting.
Yeah, it's spooky.
It's I think it's something like 35% chance that it happens in
Well.
the next 50 years or something.
Yeah.
So you never know, you might wanna not live there.
No, but I'm just saying.
Right.
I'm just saying because I used to live in Northern California
and we had a lot of earthquakes there.
And you know, some were what some happened because of this.
San Andreas Fault, but not always, not always.
I.
But anyway, I don't have to take, you know, do all the
question thing.
So anyone have questions for Logan on this presentation?
Ah, Sean was saying that the he had won two weeks ago in Redondo
Beach, CA.
Yeah.
I'm assuming it's talking about earthquake.
Yeah, I remember.
Umm, there was a there was selling shirts at this time in
California on the pier and it said California has all its
faults and that showed all the faults in California.
I thought that was interesting and I didn't buy one and I
looked for it later and it wasn't there, so I was kind of
bummed.
So we see a see a shirt like that.
Let me know, I might want to buy it.
Yeah, I'll send it.
But I always like that idea.
Uh, not not because, you know, want California to be, you know,
having all the quakes or anything like that.
All right.
Any questions?
I didn't see any hands go up.
Alright, I guess it's not looking, but it was very good
presentation.
Ah, I learned a lot about the power grid.
I didn't know about Texas being separate.
Umm.
OK, so Next up is Matthew.
Are you ready, Matthew?
Can everybody hear me?
I can hear you.
All righty.
Let me go to share.
The sea.
Do I do share in teams or present in teams on a
PowerPoint?
One second.
Right.
Can everybody hear me?
Yes.
See alright.
All righty.
So I'm presenting data presentation and emulation today
supposed to date it last week, but the flu is no joke.
Alrighty, data presentation has many preservation has many
names.
You might have heard of backups time capsule from Apple was one
of them, but it all just means one thing which is protecting
data from were protected for data loss, degradation or
obsolescence over time.
Emulation allows software or programs designed for a specific
hardware software environment to run on a different platform,
such as having a PlayStation One emulator on a Xbox 360 for
example.
This is often done to preserve and access older software, or to
enable compatibility between systems with different
architectures such as arm and X86 or X64 and X86.
Data preservation and emulation work hand in hand to ensure that
not only the raw data are also the software and systems used to
create.
And interpret interpret that day to remain accessible and usable
over extended periods.
So when a device just stops working out the blue, you can
either take the hard drive out and put it in a different one,
or replace that part forward to get it to work basically.
Alrighty, have you ever used a streaming service or game
platform that shut down something like quibi seeing them
plus or for gaming service wise due Oya live service or though
we shot maybe do you have advice that everyone was corrupted or
just out the blue stopped working or doesn't receive
security updates?
Or do you have anything like a favorite movie or TV show or
song that is on that isn't on the streaming service and
probably never will be all game that you love and you really
want to play, but you just can't play due to licensing issues or
a contract with somebody or they just can't make the game anymore
due to them not having that code.
Why would they allow something like that?
More platforms are shutting down each and every day due to
licensing issues or just not wanting to pay for the content.
TV shows and movies such as SCTV, Dawn of Day, Gilligan's
Island, welcome Back, Carter WKRP in Cincinnati, movies like
The Abyss and Cocoon are not available on streaming services
like Netflix or Amazon Prime.
They had to be saved for devices such as the Amazon Globe
projector.
The Obihai Obi 200 phone device and the Logitech Harmony Hub,
all other devices that are now basically paperweights due to
them not receiving updates from the developers or the
developers, just completely shutdown.
Electronic devices can fail, will come out and will come out,
fail or become outdated, which can cause data loss.
Data preservation of all creating backups and storing and
securely and preventing data loss due to device failure when
services such as the eShop for Wii U shut down, tons of gangs
were stranded as we wear on the system, leaving people who
brought or want to play said games stuck.
Haven't used the console or resort to grave area means to
play problems with and problems with the electrical source.
Problems with the power source or electrical components can
cause.
Excuse me, can calls devices to fail unexpectedly overtime and
leaving electronic pump and electronic components made the
grade due to regular use leading to a decline in performance and
eventual failure due to device age.
I have a video I want to play.
It's not that long and just gonna play it now.
Did you select a share sound when you shared your screen?
I don't think so.
Do I have to stop sharing and then go back?
Yeah, if you hit stop sharing and then share again and make
sure you select that share sound.
Have you had the but to the top of the screen?
Are.
Now you can actually change that setting from within the
presentation.
I said that one more time.
It it's kind of be on the point you've already stopped sharing,
but they changed it where you can actually add audio after the
fact now.
Alright.
From the Library of Congress in Washington, DC.
Digital information drives our economy.
Spurs our culture and connects our community.
It has changed how we communicate and learn, but what
if this information disappears?
For centuries we have saved books, photos, maps and other
sources of knowledge.
Our digital assets are just as valuable.
Traditional information sources can easily survive for years,
decades and even centuries.
But digital items are fragile and require special care to keep
them usable.
Digital content is encoded to represent text, images, audio,
video and more.
It takes software and machines to present the content.
You can't just pick up a DVD and see what's on it.
This dependence on technology puts digital content at great
risk.
The smallest error software, machine or human could harm
digital items and result in their complete loss.
Rapid technological changes also affect digital reservation as
new technologies appear, older ones become obsolete, making it
difficult to access older content.
What if you try to access an important digital document and
you can't?
Is it gone forever?
What if your computer drive fails and you lose your valuable
photographs?
Now imagine this on a massive scale.
A loss of thousands or millions of items.
Libraries face these issues every day to ensure ongoing
accessibility.
Digital content requires active management.
Digital preservation cannot be addressed by a single
institution, so the Library of Congress is working with many
partners worldwide to preserve digital heritage.
So in summary, digital items are fragile and require special care
to preserve them and keep them usable.
Digital items depend on technology to make them
available.
Digital content requires active management to ensure its ongoing
accessibility.
To learn more about digital preservation at the Library of
Congress.
Alrighty.
Now we're gonna move on to emulation.
Emulation allows continued use of legacy software on modern
hardware.
For example, Windows XP, backwards Windows XP
compatibility mode on Windows 11.
This is important for keeping access to all the applications
and compatibility with evolving technologies each and every day,
and mulation also allows people to play their retro video games
on different devices.
But either writing code for the entire system so it behaves just
like the console, or just the important functions so we can do
on the games.
Virtual machines are primarily used for creating multiple
isolated instances for allowing, for instance, of operating
systems on a single physical host machine.
There's allows different operating systems to run
concurrently on the same hardware.
Want to give a brief rundown of emulation history?
You have the gloss.
Is used by the British government to emulate the Nazi
Enigma functions for their computers in 1930.
Larry Moss graced the first emulator, allowing the use of
IBM 7070 programs on the IBM 360.
In 1989, ROM, also known as Read, Read only memory tips are
starting to be dumped.
In 1991, of the first home console, emulators for PC called
Family Computer Emulator is developed and can run games such
as Mario Bros and Donkey Kong.
And in 2001, Windows XP introduces compatibility mode,
giving users the option to run older programs or for Windows 95
or newer hardware.
Excuse me.
A relation advantages and disadvantages.
Emulation gives you the ability to continue to play or use old
titles or having to find by or place old hardware that can get
more expensive with age.
Emulation also allows you to test your software for that
platform without having a dev kit or any other special
software that usually cost around a thousands of dollars to
buy or own.
Emulation can also help developers find bugs and
vulnerabilities with software that needs to be patched.
One example of that would be Playstations will be the
PlayStation Dev portal where they usually people will find
bugs and software exploits and they can turn that into cash.
Emulation usually gets associated with piracy due to
software usually being available online and has led to the
shutdown of plenty projects they logged emulation.
Not all emulators are 100% with software or even with the
features that this excuse me, not all emulators are 100% with
software or even with features with the system, so accuracy
isn't going to be always perfect.
Emulators from unreputable sources can pose security risks
such as malware or other malicious software.
And I have one more video I'd like to play, and this one is
not gonna be play for that long either.
As technology marches forward, it's inevitable that something
gets left behind, right?
I mean some of this technology is part of our culture.
It's a part of our experience, maybe.
I mean emulation could help us relive the past or help us
preserve the past.
That's the thing playing Ocarina of Time on.
This is a super lot of fun.
That's a Nintendo game from way back in the day.
Let's dive in.
Well, an emulator emulates something else.
This is a Raspberry Pi running inside the PI0 DMG.
It can emulate a lot of things.
It's not the original Nintendo hardware or the Sega hardware or
the Gameboy Advanced Hardware or DOS Machine hardware.
I can play DOS games, adventure, Lucas Arts games.
This is not the platform those games were designed for, but
it's fast enough that it can pretend to be.
It can provide a reasonable approximation, just like you
know there's something we said for listening to a record on an
original record player versus a recording.
It's kind of like that game.
Console reservation is kind of what I'm talking about.
When I'm talking about reservation and emulators differ
from the actual real hardware.
So the thing that synthesizes music and an original Nintendo
Entertainment System, we can approximate that that in
software.
But you know, like the old tube radio people and the old audio
people, they say, well, it doesn't quite doesn't quite
sound the same.
There's also a thing you can do where you can translate from
like 1 graphics layer to another.
Things like Vulcan can translate graphics calls from one genre of
hardware to another.
You don't really see that as much with game consoles, but a
little bit game consoles.
Typically the emulators actually do work from dumps of the
original ROM in case of cartridge based systems or dumps
from the physical disk for like CD or DVD based systems, but the
actual console part of it there may or may not be some
intellectual property bits from a console in there.
Sometimes it's a complete reimplementation depends on how
good it is and how good the implementation is and how much
reverse engineering has been done.
But emulation does have a cache, and let's.
Well, let's talk about the history of game emulation for a
second.
The first thing that we could find as evidence of like what
we've considered mainstream game emulation was a Famicom
emulation, also known as the Nintendo Entertainment System in
the US.
It's an emulator.
The FM towns are Japanese PC from the late 80s, early 90s, so
you could run it on there here in the US, emulation became much
more common in the 90s thanks to programs like NESTICLE, which
was sort of free on the Internet.
That's an NES emulator which ran under Ms Dos and later Windows
95 Eugene Naka.
Hopefully I'm saying his name right, one of the creators of
Sonic the Hedgehog programmed a Famicom emulator for the Sega as
well, so who?
It's a competing platform, so you Genesis megadrive type
thing, but he did that as a hobby.
So yeah, we couldn't couldn't clear the legal hurdles for
that, not unlike clearing Mario for the IBM PC, which the people
that later found its software.
Alright, I didn't wanna go over too much time that flash.
Yeah, right.
And that is gonna be it.
Does anybody have any questions?
Alrighty.
That's good job.
That.
Good job.
Alright, thank you very much.
Yeah, sorry.
My computer was giving me grief and it wouldn't let me get back
into teams, and it was like I had to get out, reboot and
everything.
That's just.
Alright.
Poisonous.
Poisonous, but anybody have questions for?
Excuse me.
UM.
I forgot your name, sorry.
It's.
My fault, my fault.
His wife is black.
Sorry about that.
So anyone have questions and we check chat.
Nope, no one has questions.
OK.
But good job though that was interesting.
Alright.
And then we have our last speaker tonight, Virgina, I
think that I'm hoping I'm pronouncing that correctly.
Ohh, it's ragina.
Can you hear me?
My dinner?
Yes.
Barely, barely.
If you can up your volume would be great.
Ohh.
If all the way up, can you hear me?
I can hear you.
OK, so because I should I exit out or something so.
No, go ahead.
Go ahead and present and if you have audio on your slides, then
Present if you have.
go ahead and click on audio.
Slides that.
Ohh where is audio at?
It should pop up on when you do share.
It should pop up there on your screen but sharing audio.
It should pop up there.
Sharing audio.
Do you see that little button?
But ohh yes, I turned it on, but can you see my screen?
Ohk, OK.
Uh, yes, we can see your screen.
Yes.
OK, so should I put it in the big version?
Present anything?
Uh, that would be better.
That would be better.
Ohh no, no, no no, that's wrong.
Uh ohh.
Uh.
I think it's.
I don't know, but can you is it too small?
Sorry.
It'll be fine.
You'll be OK.
It'll be fine.
Go ahead.
OK, so my my presentation is on the Internet of Things and my
name is Regina McKinney.
What is the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things is a network of physical devices,
vehicles, appliances and other physical objects that are
inserted with sensors, software, and network connectivity that
allows them to collect, collect and share data.
These devices are also known as smart objects and can range from
simple smart home devices like smart thermostats to wearables
like smartwatches, and RFID clothing to industrial machinery
and transportation systems.
Some examples of the Internet of Things are connected cars, smart
appliances, connected security systems, smart agricultural
equipment, connected retail connected healthcare monitors,
connected manufacturing equipment, and connected cities.
Connected cars are a vehicle that is connected to the
Internet.
It connects to through your mobile data networks and it can
transmit the data to other devices outside of the car or
inside of the car.
Connected cars can remotely access smart phones and other
devices.
This transmission will only work if the car is connected through
the Internet.
In order for the data to be shared, the car should be linked
to the Internet in order for the information request to be made.
The benefits of connected cars.
It helps improve Rd safety, helps with the ability to drive
faster as each vehicle knows the other vehicle status, vehicle
theft it gives UM gives over the air updates to prevent this this
from happening phone hacking.
It can give two factor authentication and fingerprint
unlocking before a user can control their vehicle using
their phone.
Some smart appliances smart appliances can be controlled or
monitored remotely with the Internet Wi-Fi and uses voice
commands.
Smart appliances can give independent security and make
life easier.
These smart appliances can be connected to a smartphone,
tablet or through a voice command system.
They are convenient and use energy if it's efficiency.
The smart appliance examples are thermostats, security cameras,
close and washers and dryers.
Automatic vacuums search.
Screen refrigerators.
Smart toasters, door locks?
Smart ovens.
Smart lighting, smart toilet cleaner, a microwave with voice
control and a digital air fryer.
A automatic coffee maker and espresso machine and a water
saving dishwasher.
And neither some examples of the.
Things that youth Internet over things.
And a smart home device.
Smart devices are interactive electronics that use wireless
connections to understand user instructions.
Smart devices like thermostats, thermostats, and home security
systems can assist with the daily task.
You can control the temperature settings for a smart thermostat
with a smart security camera.
You can get notifications to check if there is so much your
door or if or if they were at your door.
For to connect with security systems, the connected they're
connected through through viewing a device or router, a
smart security camera is a wireless security camera, and it
can be tracked and monitored through your smartphone through
an app.
It can send alerts, monitors, monitors, errors, areas where it
is installed.
You can View images remotely and track your house in a real time
in real time videos.
Smart agriculture agriculture equipment for IO T applications.
They monitor crop growth, the weather patterns and the soil
conditions.
The sensors estimate the soils moisture to make sure there is
the best irrigation of crops.
Io T manages and keeps track of the livestock health, manages
supply chains and tracking equipment.
And during connected retail, it can monitor and track the stores
layout, monitor the inventory levels in the retail store,
connect your resale contract customer behaviors, which can
help improve customers experience and help with the
product placements.
It can also track the supply chain and track shipments.
For connected health care monitors, the Internet of Things
keeps track of patience remotely and gather real time data on the
patients.
Vital signs the Internet of Things will monitor things like
the patients, oxygen levels, blood pressure and heart rate.
These healthcare monitors can also monitor medication matches,
inventory management, and can also track the medical
equipment.
For manufacturing equipment, industrial Internet of Things
can improve the production processes and it can detect if
there is an equipment failure and record the machine learning
performances the sensors can detect humidity and temperature
and a manufacturing environment to make sure that there is an
ideal condition for sensitive product production.
And this industrial Internet of Things tracks the standard of
finished products, supply chains and tracks the inventory.
The connected cities or smart cities?
Smart cities use uses technology that is digital to improve the
framework, help make government services more modern, strengthen
accessibility, and they also used different types of
electronic methods and sensors to collect data using the
Internet.
Things smart cities address things like data privacy and
social rejection.
The benefits of the Internet of Things is it reduces costs.
Streamline processes, reducing cost in businesses, higher
efficiency and productivity increase employee employee
engagement.
Job performance and better serve customers, improve customer
experience and increase mobility and agility.
Facts about using the Internet of Things, it can reduce the
cost.
For instance, predictive maintenance can reduce the time
required to plan the maintenance by 20% to 50%, increase
equipment uptime and availability by 10 to 20%, and
reduce overall maintenance costs by 10 by 5 to 10%.
I study by the latte and the efficiency and productivity, 46%
of businesses that adopted Internet of Things strategies
experience efficiency gains despite the fact that they only
have 29% expected gains.
And the improved customer service for an example for
customers for the Internet of Things, 30% of customers
reported feeling completely comfortable with companies using
the Internet of Things to provide proactive customer
service, a 10% increase since 2017.
Increased mobility and agility, 29% of companies feel that the
risk of adopting Internet of Things is not worth the benefits
of using it with a strong cyber security policy in place, the
Internet of Things can be used safely and efficiently and
business operations.
And here's a video that I have about the Internet thing.
We have all heard of the term Internet of Things or IoT as it
is becoming an increasingly growing topic of conversation.
Let's try and understand what exactly is Internet of Things.
You may be watching this video on your PC or phone and it is
connected to the Internet Internet on your device could be
connected through broadband or Wi-Fi.
Simply put, this is the concept of basically connecting any
device with an on off switch to the Internet.
That is, people to people connection, there is people to
machine connection and then we have machine to machine
connection.
Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to billions of physical
devices around the world that are now connected to the
Internet, collecting and sharing data as the price of processors
and wireless networks go down, technology is becoming cheap and
penetration of smartphones are skyrocketing.
It has become possible to turn anything into a part of the
Internet of Things.
It is like adding a level of digital intelligence to the
devices that would allow them to communicate with a human being
or with another machine.
And that's not all.
According to reports, there would be more than 26 billion
connected devices by 2020.
That's a lot of connections, isn't it?
But why on Earth do we need so many connected devices?
Let's take another example.
Mike has to go for a morning meeting.
His alarm clock wakes him up at 7:00 AM and notifies the coffee
maker to start brewing coffee.
When he goes to take a shower, the geezer was already notified
and warm water was available for my saving his time.
Mikes car is connected to his calendar and tells him to take
the best route to avoid traffic with the traffic is heavy, his
car might send a text to another party notifying them that Mike
will be late.
The Internet of Things can be applied to transportation,
production, smart cities, and many other projects, saving US
energy time and reducing waste.
We are yet to completely understand how Internet of
Things will impact our lives.
What would be the opportunities and challenges that will come
with it?
For now, the best thing that we can do is to educate ourselves
about Internet of Things.
Because IoT storm is here to stay and the new rule of the
future is going to be anything that can be connected will be
connected.
OK.
And how the Internet of Things is changing the world.
It enables access to information from anywhere at anytime, on any
device it connected.
Cars can a efficient parking provide data that helps to
better keep up with car maintenance and can predict and
avoid collisions.
Manufacturers use a predictive maintenance system to process
the audio signals of the machines and hardware in real
time.
In smart cities, the Internet of Things has transferred,
transformed the way cities use water.
Smart meters help to improve leak detection.
Smart cities have have smart energy building use, Internet of
Things, Internet of Things, devices to connect nonstandard
heating, cooling, lighting, and even fire safety system.
The challenges of the Internet of Things could be security
issues.
Security vulnerabilities are associated are associated with
these devices.
Privacy concerns the Internet of Things.
Devices have sufficient privacy risks for individuals and
businesses, the bandwidth availability being on too many
devices use the same frequency bands in the same location, and
there are signals can interrupt each other.
Limited battery life.
The IoT devices have small batteries.
And here are my references.
And thanks for watching.
Great job, great job.
State so.
That was a really broad topic to cover.
Those are really proud.
Anyone have any questions for Regina?
Anyone have any questions?
Now, is that right, Regina?
Those.
Yeah, it's rogeana.
OK.
I just wanna say right?
I don't know.
I still think I'm wrong but.
Any questions?
Hey.
Yep, I don't see any questions on the chat.
I don't see any.
Ohh, someone that's raising their hand.
Someone that's crazy.
I uh, this is Joseph Brady.
They're gone. Uh-huh.
Ohh.
I had to join as a guest tonight.
I don't really have any questions for Gina, but I do
have a question that if anybody could help me after this with a
account issue I would greatly appreciate it.
Really created.
I've been locked out of pretty much everything PGIP right now,
Everything PGIP right now for my.
except for my outlook.
Ohh.
Huh.
OK.
Have you filled out one of those fresh desk support tickets?
Have you feel about one of those first?
I I have and I've just.
I I have nothing.
Response was about 2 hours ago.
I put that in I I don't know what the typical response time
is or what I should expect, but I'm just trying to see what I
can do to resolve the issue.
OK.
I just wanted to grab your attention before.
Well, for this call hung up because this is the only
communication method I had.
Lok alright.
Ohh see if I can you know, get in in two things, but I I know I
David.
But no, I don't.
don't have the access that Marjorie or Marcia does have.
The so they're up on the Echelon and I.
So because they're up on the Echelon and I'm down below, OK,
alright.
It's.
Yeah, I can take a look at umm, some things for you.
Yeah.
Yeah, something.
So hold on.
Don't leave right away.
Any questions?
Question.
No.
OK.
Well, it's after nine.
OK, well.
So uh, you're all excused.
Excuse.
Uh, thank you all for the presenters.
Thank you all for.
I enjoyed a lot of the discussions and the
My ployed alone.
presentations and again, sorry, Matthew for forgetting your
And again, sorry man.
name, because I I had my notes, but it went away when I rebooted
Design.
I had my notes but it.
my computer.
So anyway.
All right.
We have some good discussion people liking the slides that
He.
All slides.
we've had on our presentation, so sounds good.
Ohh, I'll go ahead and stop.
The recording.