Let's see.
OK.
Can everybody see that?
Yep, you're good.
Yes.
Alright, good deal.
Alright.
Hello everyone and welcome to my master class presentation on the
history of wireless networks.
Uh.
Within this presentation, we're going to look at the concurrent
development of both cellular and Wi-Fi networks and examine how
new protocols, technologies and standards have led to the
networks we use so often today.
We're also going to examine how they have developed alongside
each other.
To start, we need to define what a wireless network is compared
to its cabled counterpart.
A wireless network doesn't use any wires or cables to form
connections between device and access point.
Instead, these networks is electromagnetic waves.
To transmit data, some of the benefits of wireless networking
include convenience, mobility, and easier setup.
When we look around at computer networking today, we can see
wireless net solutions nearly everywhere, from homes to
offices to cafes to airports to even shopping malls.
But uh, the speed and convenience of today didn't pop
up out of the blue.
So how did we get the modern wireless networks that we use so
often?
Let's briefly go back to the 19th century and examine the
birth of wireless communication in the late 1800s.
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi first transmitted radio
waves and Italy a few years later.
Marconi was successfully broadcasting messages via Morse
code and set up the first wireless communication station
in England.
Marconi and similar inventors in this era laid the foundation for
wireless communication.
As these experiments led to the development of radio telegraphy,
his discoveries proved the ability to transmit without
physical wires and provided empirical evidence for the
existence of radio waves.
OK, so the first rudimentary wireless network that could be
compared to those today was the invention of Aloha net in 1971
in the wake of ARPANET, the first public packet switch
computer network.
Alohanet subsequently innovated by taking this foundational
concept wireless developed at the University of Hawaii.
This networking system used radio waves to connect computers
across the Hawaiian Islands.
Alohanet essentially created wireless packet switching
networks and laid the groundwork for the development of modern
technology such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi, by introducing random
access protocols, random access allows nodes to send and receive
data without taking turns, and this protocol is now widely used
in nearly all forms of wireless communications.
Overall, Aloha net was one of the first uses of wireless
communication for a data network.
Now running concurrently to wireless computer networks is
the invention of cellular technology, so cellular networks
and Wi-Fi networks are both technologies that enable
wireless communication, but they operate differently and each
serve distinct purposes.
Cellular networks are provided by mobile network operators and
use a system of interconnected base stations to provide
coverage over large geographic areas, referred to as cells.
In 1947, Bell Labs researchers introduced the concept of
cellular communication.
In 1973, Martin Cooper, an engineer at Motorola,
demonstrated the world's first handheld cellular phone in 1981.
The first fully operational cellular network was launched
and then in 1983 the Advanced mobile phone system was
introduced in the United States, which was the first nationwide
commercial cellular network.
Sorry, one second here.
So.
Travis Taylor.
I see you in the on the list of people in the meeting.
You're supposed to be in the orientation.
This is not the orientation meeting Travis Taylor.
Yeah, I'm just gonna remove you from this one because you need
to be in the other meeting.
It'll be on your calendar on teams.
OK, sorry about that.
Go ahead.
No, you're good.
OK, so from a commercial standpoint, enterprise wireless
technology did not gain significant traction until 1985
following the Federal Communications Commission's
decision to erase or to ease licensing restrictions across
three specific segments of the industrial, scientific and
medical spectrum.
The 900 megahertz 2.4 gigahertz and five gigahertz bands.
Thank.
This regulatory change exempted businesses from the requirement
of obtaining individual licenses for transmissions within the IS
spectrum bands, and this changed opened up a substantial market
opportunity for vendors aiming to deliver fast wireless data
networking solutions.
And then AT&T was one of the first examples.
OK, the Internet and wireless Lans during the 1990s, the
internet's emergence spurred significant advancements in
wireless networking.
In 1991, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, or I Triple E, formed a committee to develop these
specifications of the Wi-Fi standard.
The.
The first version of the Wi-Fi Standard, 802.11 was released in
1997, providing wireless connectivity at speeds up to two
megabits per second.
The introduction of WEP in the same year brought rudimentary
security to Wi-Fi networks, although this was quickly
replaced by WPA in 1999.
Updated versions of the 802.11 standard were released by the
IEEE 802.11 AC and 802.11 B 802.11 AC aimed at businesses
operated in the five gigahertz band and achieved speeds up to
54 megabits per second, while 802.11 B targeted at home.
Users operated in the 2.4 gigahertz and with speeds up to
11 megabits per second.
However, a compatibility issues persisted among these products.
So to address this, a group of vendors formed the wireless
Ethernet Compatibility Alliance in 1999, advocating for
standards compliance and interoperability for enterprise
wireless.
This organization, rebranded as the Wi-Fi Alliance in 2002.
A year later, Wi-Fi networks adhering to the 802.11 G
standard were introduced.
Also, offering speeds up to 54 megabits per second.
Substantial enhancements would arrive with the 2009 release of
the 802.11 in standard supporting theoretical speeds of
up to 600 megabits per second.
This is around the time where mobile phones utilizing Wi-Fi
were available and also portable laptops were becoming more
standard for both business and personal use.
So as this Internet usage expanded, so did wireless
connectivity capabilities, 802.11 AC or Wi-Fi five was
launched in 2013, elevating top speeds to over 1 Gigabit per
second and enhancing network efficiency and reliability.
Building upon these advancements, 802.11 ax or Wi-Fi
six they viewed in 2019, delivering even higher
throughput to accommodate more devices and traffic with
enhanced reliability.
So in parallel with the development of wireless LAN
technology, telecommunication carriers continue to develop
mobile broadband technologies.
And as we mentioned earlier, mobile broadband became possible
in the 90s with the shift from first generation consumer
cellular service which was analog to 2nd generation digital
services which enabled functionalities like texting and
early media services.
The surge in mobile data demand prompted carriers to transition
to a new generation of mobile data service by the late 90s,
three G introduced land like packet switching systems,
deploying technology akin to that in wired and wireless
enterprise networks.
3G also facilitated business centric smartphones like the
BlackBerry personal hotspots and cellular modems, making mobile
access to enterprise systems widely accessible for the first
time, speeds reached up to two megabits per second, surpassing
dial up.
Alright, modern generations, so if caught back up to Wi-Fi in
the late 2000s and early twenty 10s, carriers and device
manufacturers transition to 4G and then 4G.
Long term evolution technologies delivering higher speeds up to
100 megabits per second by the 20 tens.
4G LTE services have become ubiquitous in the US and
powering remote or traveling employees to work from anywhere,
anytime with 5G carriers and device manufacturers introduce
extensive service enhancements.
In general, 5G aims to provide much higher peak data rates and
lower latency compared to 4G and potentially up to 10 gigabits
per second.
Five DNA ables ultra fast download and upload speed, and
supports applications that require ultra high bandwidth
such as 4K and 8K video streaming and virtual reality.
It's also worth pointing out that both 5T and Wi-Fi 6 use
Yeah.
similar technologies and techniques to address challenges
related to density, speed, reliability and power usage.
So when we look at the modern state of wireless networks, I
think it's fair to say that both cellular networks and Wi-Fi have
helped the other Dr Innovation and wireless communication
developments in transmission speed, signal reliability and
coverage.
In one domain often inspire advancement in the other, and as
consumers rely on wireless connectivity in their daily
lives, their expectations have gotten more ambitious.
This demand has pushed both cellular networks and Wi-Fi
providers to improve their services and technologies to
meet these progressing needs.
For example, the increase in cell phone usage could be viewed
as directly responsible for facilitating the high speed hot
spots and airports, malls and cafes.
The growth of IoT devices is another example.
Smart cameras and home security systems may use the local
network to connect to the Internet, while users can access
the related app away from their home using a cellular
connection.
In conclusion, the history of cellular and Wi-Fi networks is
filled with technological innovation and evolution, and
for better or worse, has shaped the way we all communicate and
connect in the modern world.
The transition from analog to digital technologies, the
emergence of high speed data transmission and the ongoing
advancements in standards and protocols have propelled
cellular and Wi-Fi networks to become indispensable components
of our daily lives.
There is no doubt that emerging technologies like 5G and
eventually Wi-Fi seven will result in even higher speeds,
more reliable service and a greater degree of connection for
everyone across the globe.
So thank you all very much.
Here are my references and I will try to fumble my way
through any questions.
No questions, man.
Well done.
Thank you.
Any.
Well, thank you guys for the opportunity.
That's great.
Thank you.
Uh, yeah.
If there's no questions, just going to reiterate, if you're in
a new intern, this is your first week.
I don't see any on from the list, but this is not the
correct meeting for you to be in.
If it's your first week, but besides that, Next up on the
list is Daisy Trang.
Is Daisy here.
I.
Can you hear me?
Yep, I can hear you. Yep.
Can you hear me?
Umm, so somehow I'm not in the presenter.
Hmm.
I'm actually on the guest list so.
Yeah, I see that.
And do you can I share my screen?
And.
There you should be good now.
OK.
How is your presentation recorded?
Yes.
OK, we can't hear.
You have to share with sound when you share, there's a.
I'm sorry.
We can't hear it.
So you're gonna want to restart it and umm, stop sharing and
then when you hit share again there is an option to share with
audio that will pop up at the top.
It'll say share with audio.
OK.
Talk about cloud.
What is cloud cloud computing?
Is the delivery of computing services, including servers,
storage, databases, networking, software, analytics and in.
Yeah, it's it's really hard to.
We can't really hear it and it's a.
Over the intern.
Not full screen either, so it's hard to see.
Innovation.
Flexible.
We can you can you.
Scale.
Before the cloud, you might have backed up your document, photos,
Yeah, we, we can't hear it, Daisy.
or music to an external device. OK.
Is there a reason why you're not presenting like you're?
Why you're not presenting it live?
OK, that's because I thought I could use the recording.
Can you hear me?
Yeah, we can hear you, but we can't hear the presentation.
And like I know some people have presented a recording, but it's
OK.
typically better to do it live because yeah, we can't hear it.
OK, let me let me see if I could make it louder because I'm
actually use I I have a Mac and I I've been having problem with
that.
So as I just switched over to my son's computer.
OK, let's see.
So do you.
Screened or no?
What's that? Sorry.
Tell OK.
Right.
Tonight I'm gonna talk about cloud computing.
What is cloud computing?
If you want, I can go ahead and present while she gets herself
Cloud computing is that you live?
squared away.
Yeah, that might.
I'm Brady.
Services.
Yeah, I'm ready too. Yeah.
Yeah, yeah. Go ahead.
Go ahead.
Cool.
No worries.
Yeah, just take your time.
Get get it sorted out.
How's it look to everyone?
Looks good.
Yep, you're good.
That's good.
Alright, so before we begin, I know this is like a mandatory
class for like all of us or like meeting for all of us.
But I'm a huge advocate for like training to standard, not to
time.
Umm, but in order to move through this pretty quickly I'll
just need some participation from everybody to make it go as
fast as possible.
Also, since I do have my presentation pulled up, I won't
be able to see the chat, so if I ask a question, please enable
your audio to answer it.
Does everybody feel comfortable with that?
That's fine, yeah.
Yes.
Perfect.
Alright, let's get started.
We put my mouse back. There.
Needs to pee.
Now let's get started.
Alright, so at this point our careers, we should have at least
heard about disaster recovery plans.
But I mean, what is it?
Right.
Why is it so important?
Well, a disaster recovery plan is a formal document essentially
created by the organization that contains detailed instructions
on how to respond to unplanned incidents such as natural
disasters, power outages, cyber attacks and other disruptive
events.
Right.
The plan contains strategies to minimize the effects of
disasters, or an organization can continue to operate more
quickly, resume operations.
The biggest thing is that it's an essential part of the
business continuity plan, which we're working on, Umm as one of
our projects and it can be applied to the aspects of the
organization that depend on functioning information
technology infrastructure.
So how it relates to cyber security, which is the group
that I'm in, it's the process of creating that plan for regaining
access and functionality to the organizations IT infrastructure
after disaster.
Alright, so let's let's talk about disaster for a second.
Disaster recovery is a major part of any organizations
business continuity plan.
It primarily focuses on a company's IT infrastructure and
systems during disasters, so the idea is to prevent disruptions
in business functions and allow them to run as normal.
There are many like risks to our data out there, including fire
natural disasters as we talked about snow storms, tornadoes,
earthquakes, power outages or other connectivity loss and
cyber attacks.
Umm.
And that's just what's you know, available to like the general
public, right?
There's, you know, some other things that are, uh, you know,
considered though threats.
And so like, I know this is like not the most exciting part of
cybersecurity, but is often one of the most important aspects.
So who can tell me 3 main benefits of a disaster recovery
plan?
Business continuity is one of them.
I'd like.
Yep.
What's another one?
Probably like data loss prevention, right?
I would also say reputation maybe.
Yeah, absolutely.
Maintaining client satisfaction?
Yep, absolutely.
And then what is like the main thing like for like from
business business continuity standpoint?
That downtime, right?
So minimizing downtime.
Alright, so after we've got that covered, then the next thing we
want to do is conduct a risk assessment.
So and again, at this point, we should all be familiar with risk
assessments, at least like the general understanding of it.
But what do you guys think of when you hear risk assessment?
What does that mean to you all?
Basically just a basically excuse me, but basically just a
test on UM, just how vulnerable your system is, or how much at
risk is that.
Yeah, absolutely.
And like you know what the purpose is behind that, right?
So like risk assessments, essentially they ensure the
health and safety of employees.
Umm.
And and customers, if you know you have some by identifying
potential hazards and risks.
So everything from like physical hazards like tornadoes and
stuff, but also umm, you know like data loss prevention.
So, for example, certain risks might determine the type of
protective gear or equipment of worker needs.
And like a physical setting, but from an IT perspective, that
risk assessment may say, OK, like we conducted our risk
assessment and we noticed that we had some routers from 2005,
you know and they no longer support updates.
That is the vulnerability we should probably update those
right?
So, but how is this conducted?
So a risk assessment is conducted.
It varies depending on like the industry.
However, for the most part, there's five steps regardless of
the business type or industry.
So the main number one is identify potential hazards.
How they could negatively affect or impact the organization's
ability to conduct business, determine their two, determine
what assets would be impacted as a result of that risk, and in
three, after you've completed one and two, you want to use the
risk assessment framework to deploy measures that will reduce
or eliminate the effects that risk will have on the
organization for as with any project, you'll want to record
your findings, processes and controls that you put in place.
And then, you know, they can just be like a rough draft on a
notepad and these will be cleaned up and put into an
official document.
And then, of course it isn't a set it and forget document.
It will need to be reviewed and updated regularly to meet the
needs of the organization.
Alright, so disaster recovery strategies, you know, how can we
ensure that we have the information that we need if we
lose access to it?
Gotta back it up.
Yes, Sir.
That's right.
Backups, so backups are crucial for ensuring security of
important information such as classified documents or for
personal things like family photos.
In the event of a data loss, so backups created a copy of that
data that can be recovered in the event of primary data
failure, whether it be hardware or software, data corruption,
human caused events, or even a malicious or accidental deletion
of data.
I know we are human.
These things happen, so by having those uh redundancies in
place, you know you can really benefit the organization.
And in fact, it's critical for a disaster recovery and continued
operations.
UM, there are many benefits of using cloud based solutions, so
usability and accessibility, security and costs as well as
sharing and scalability and then from a disaster standpoint, the
biggest benefit is leverage that cloud for offsite backups and
storage.
So with you have like a tornado or something, and you know
you're backups are on site.
Chances are you're going to have issues with those.
So Speaking of off-site storage, by having those backups and
storage alternate locations, it could cost less for the
organization as well.
Alright, so communication plan.
So who do you guys think should be guys in the gender neutral
term?
Who do you guys think should be on the disaster recovery
planning team?
IT for sure.
Yep.
Should be someone from management.
Yep, leadership.
Absolutely, job Larry.
So yeah, I mean as with any team having the right people can make
all the difference.
And the team should at least be composed of, like, authorized,
authorized leadership.
And that's this is to provide direction, governance and
operational authority, organizational expertise.
So team members who represent the executive, legal and
regulatory interests operational expertise, so team members who
bring business, operation, knowledge and interests as we
talked about Larry had mentioned technical expertise.
So those Members who bring technology and IT management
expertise, so even like project managers and then administrative
experts, so those will be you know basically the ones who
administer the disaster response activities.
So and lastly, those team resources should be well
informed and well aware of the disaster response plans, goals
and objectives.
So that way any significant disaster event that will impact
a business as a whole, umm, everybody will have an idea of
what's going on and the whole organization will be represented
by the DRP team.
So let's talk about training for a second.
If you are on a disaster response planning team, do you
think that it should be you know something that you only look at,
you know, once a year?
No.
No, right?
So I mean, even if like the yeah, as of the project only
No.
takes like four months and you guys are done with it.
Umm, you know, you may have to go look at it the following
week.
If there's something that comes up so just like when a disaster
unfolds, there's many consequences for business loss
of employee life or injuries as like the worst loss of revenue.
And then loss of facilities and equipment in that order.
And so for a disaster communication plan to run
smoothly, all people involved need to know what to do.
The team handling the communication should present a
cohesive strategy with consistent, accurate
information, and for this reason it's critical to assemble a team
of responders and identify spokespeople for specific
aspects of the plan.
Those folks?
People should be well informed about the disaster displayed,
genuine empathy.
Be prepared to field any questions regarding the
disaster.
Have decision making authority and it's also a good idea to
have at least one subject matter expert as part of the
communications effort.
I depending on the disaster type, this could be like a
scientist, a public official, or like another specialist in our
relevant field. So.
What are the options for communicating?
You know, there's several options.
You know from SMS notification, mobile apps, international
communications systems and internal communications.
Umm.
And these are all great.
Systems that can be used.
The instructions can be tailored for specific events, or can be
as general as advising personnel to log in their backup form of
communication for further instructions.
Does anyone think we should rely on just one method of
communication for disaster response?
No.
No, right.
No.
Yeah.
So just like with a defense in depth approach to security, we
should have multiple options for communications.
Should they fail, they backup for our backup if you will.
Alright, so umm if someone pulled the fire alarm at your
work Jim or grocery store, what would you do?
Go to the nearest exit.
Steve.
Yeah, yeah.
Depending, I mean you in, we all know this because of our
training, right?
So we've all had fire drills.
So just like with fire drills or active shooters or other
disasters, having that training for employees and on the
disaster response procedures and protocols is critical to ensure
that Windows Azure strikes, everybody knows what their roles
are and how to be safe.
So, but how do we ensure that they know their roles and
responsibilities?
We covered it on the one of the previous slides.
OK, give you land.
It's Training. That's right.
Training, just like with fire drills and tornado drills
conducting regular disaster response drills, can give
leadership a better idea of their response capabilities.
And where should they where they should focus their attention?
It also gives the players practice on what to do in an
emergency so that when the time comes it's muscle memory.
Well, I guess we're skipping to the end, guys, but there's my
references.
I've got a list of questions that I can ask you guys, but
that's pretty much it.
Umm.
And then yeah, that's it.
I can field any questions, these are the references that I use
for the presentation.
If you want more information on the topic, umm, you know I can
definitely expand on it.
Other than that, this concludes my presentation.
Thank you all for being here and I will be here for the remainder
of the class with any questions that you may have.
Thank you.
Yeah, great job.
And my Christopher said good pictures.
I like, I liked the Godzilla disaster warning.
Yeah.
Yeah, I got a kick out of that one.
Well, if there are no questions, we will move with ahead to Larry
Bender, if you're ready.
Right.
OK.
How was that?
That looks good.
OK, I'm Larry.
Ohh, as you can see from my photo one from a different
generation, not a gin gin wire or Gen X.
So it's interesting to me.
To see your and work with you young people, most of you have
ever, for most of my life I've been a veterinarian and I'm just
finishing up now.
Bachelors in cloud computing.
So just so happened with our veterinary clinic.
We converted to software as a service.
Ohh.
It's good to somebody.
And the process was several steps.
We first considered the factors.
We'll consider the factors in a decision here.
What we went through.
Doing something, turning.
On has better darians and managing partners as to why we
I'm sorry.
It says.
should do it or shouldn't do it.
We'll discuss the process that we went through.
And we'll discuss the results of some of the the outcomes.
Ohh of the switch.
I'm sure you're all familiar with the software as a service,
and that's the that's the type of service where ohm, OK.
Company of veterinary Company will provide all of the
infrastructure in the cloud.
Includes everything that's needed to run a veterinary
practice and all we need as as a as a practice then is ohh a
terminal.
And Internet connection.
That's all we need.
We can contact on our service, so anywhere where there's
And umm.
Internet service.
So we already were using technology in in quite a few
different ways of using a veterinary specialized software
for our client records or pet records.
Ohm email list.
Google course.
I'll test right?
There's texting and website that's available too in house
networking, invoicing was handled by by the software.
We do our blood analysis and X rays and ultrasounds in house,
and those records were scattered.
They were not in in the client records.
Were either with with the X ray or or in the blood blood
machine, that type of thing.
I'm really open to questions as we're going here too.
On my presentation isn't real long.
I do have a a couple of fun questions at the end, but.
That's where we are now.
So we looked at this and and that's ourselves, you know.
Where are we not in the cloud that we could be.
Well, the proprietary veterinary software pulls the client
records.
Course there's confidentiality issues there. Pet records.
The net ranking with the SAS is all on the cloud invoicing and
what we wanted or would like would be our blood results and X
rays and ultrasounds to be transferred into the cloud into
the records automatically.
Good reasons why to move to the call this.
This is really true for almost any business ohm.
There is cost savings, especially in the infrastructure
costs.
Our hardware was beginning to be 12 years old.
We have 10 stand alone units across the server.
No, have replaced some hard drives, but other than that it
was still functioning on the cloud.
Services are more efficient.
You pay for a certain amount, however, with a software as a
service we pay a a fixed amount each month.
And that covers the services.
So we we can't quite capitalize on that efficiency.
It is really nice to access our records address of this pet
names from anywhere and we found it very reliable.
Umm, it's probably a four or four point instead of a A6 point
there 99.99.
I don't think they have go on the full role there and if
needed or database skins be expanded very easily.
The cloud service the company takes care of the backups,
encrypted data.
They have a service for detecting incidents.
Our form of backup was a are USB connected backup which we would
take home to another location each night.
So certainly wasn't being backed up more than once a day here.
This this data is backed up by the minute.
So the step by step process we did some research as to what
veterinary packages we're out there.
First, we checked with the with the service that we had our our
in House on premise and it as it turned out that was not
compatible with being converted to a cloud model or in fact we
found out that it was at an end of life.
There were no longer going to provide support for that.
So that kind of helped the decision to look for a cloud
based ohm only product in one thing we had to make sure of a
course in a rural area and Wisconsin to have enough
bandwidth or to support worked out type of service.
And it turned out that we did at that point the migration was a
process.
The company itself, it's called Pulse, converted the data they
need, uploaded all of our database, which is a, you know
SQL type data database converted it and after they had converted
it.
They went ahead and started running it on on another on the
the cloud prep platform.
While we continued with our old software and in doing that we
could log on and practice and get some staff training and then
the process of going live, which is probably the most difficult.
Ohh, because it was a one day procedure.
First day we were on our old system and the next day we were
going live with the new cloud platform.
Records are still the same ohm animals.
Clients are still the same that those type of information we
entered is still the same, but it in a completely different
platform and menu system.
So we've learned as we went, we adjusted to the changes and
started realizing some of the benefits right away on in the
big one being that convenience of just logging on anywhere.
And then as we learned the software on it, it can be
formatted and changed and adapted to each different
veterinary clinic.
So.
Larry, I'm just going to ask the there's a question in the chat
that you cannot see, but Owens asking if veterinary clinics
have specific legal requirements like similar to HIPAA.
The answers know we have a lot of other requirements as far as
Food and Drug, with the medications that we have as far
as storing them, logging them ohm and making sure we're in
compliance there.
As far as as restricted drugs, uh, as far as confidentiality of
of client information like even a neighbor wants to know how his
his neighbor's pet is doing.
We it's not ethical to provide information across ohm, so we're
we're very careful in that regard.
There's aren't, but as far as specific laws or regulations.
Umm, the answer is no.
OSHA has their hand in it.
They they will come for inspections.
No.
So we have to be up to court on that.
So like I I said, it was a steep learning curve.
Ohh and and people, some people enjoyed it.
I enjoyed the process myself, but then we had, you know, of
course you have staff members that.
Ohh get frustrated and if if things don't go well, if you
have a client waiting, that kind of thing, it's frustrating to
staff that wanna give good service.
I believe there's a there's a clinic.
It's been six months now and I believe we're to the point where
we're very comfortable with it.
How but for that first month there was definitely a slowdown
in work and we did some scheduling changes to compensate
for that.
Any questions right now?
You can also expect to, you know, feel like composed by you
by what you're doing.
You're providing your pets with the newest in technology and
clients.
It's flexible.
The updates come automatically.
We don't even know about them.
Ohm, the disaster recovery.
You don't have to worry about and maybe we should, but we
don't.
Ohm they they're provider.
The SAS service provider is is Amazon, which I feel is pretty
reliable.
And now we have automatic transfer over X rays into the
pet record as well as the blood records analysis of that going
right here.
I don't see a lot of cost saving.
I know we're paying about 600 a month for the service.
Ohh but I do feel gives us up to date of capabilities.
As far as staying competitive and and getting good service to
our clients.
This is just the front end.
Kind of the appointment.
Page here.
I'll just show you a few pages up here in on the upper right
you can search for a client by or client or patient by phone
or.
A number of different ways we can change providers.
Here we have 4 veterinarians working at the clinic.
This is actually our dog, Andy.
She's 13 1/2.
Yeah.
Provides information on on the client.
On Annie, she's a golden retriever or weight trend here.
Right here.
That weight dropped.
She had cancer of the spleen.
Mom and I ended for moving the screen and she's doing pretty
well now so.
A lot of different options here for just jumping to different
parts of the software on you can quickly add a medical note.
We can create a treatment.
You can provide an estimate, print that out.
Ohh this is just check out when they when they leave.
So just a very nice program if you're a complete.
This is actually our blood machines.
This is Shelly.
She's running some blood work and you can see the the pulse
menu there.
Yeah, this is that record of analysis.
New class.
Right, right in the in the record.
Hey Google.
Take your entries here and they they pop right into.
Right into the record.
So do you have any questions?
It's not like have a couple for you.
Let's talk about our pets.
Anybody have a pet?
I've got a zoo.
Don't be shy.
I have 3 cats.
Alright.
This let me chat chat.
At 4 cats, four dogs and my wife's actually a veterinarian
from from Wisconsin as well.
So that's funny.
Ohh that's.
James said.
Jameson, you don't have a.
You don't have pets.
You have a view.
Yeah.
But that's great.
That's great.
No, just to see.
OK.
Well, thank you.
Thank you for your your time.
Yeah.
Great presentation.
Thank you.
You got Larry.
Can you?
Alright, after Larry, we have janita.
Are you here and ready to go?
I am right here.
All right.
Alright, let's see here.
Sorry, can you?
Screen.
And you see my screen.
Yes, we can. OK.
Alright, so hiring her name is Juanita Thompson, and I'm gonna
be presenting tonight about multi factor authentication.
So multifactor authentication has undoubtedly secured one or
more of our online accounts for now, and according to CSA, that
Gov.
MFA is a security method that involves requiring user.
To provide two or more credentials to confirm their
identity before logging in.
MFA requires users to meet specific criteria or factors to
access resources.
Adding more factors significantly raises the
challenge of impersonating a user.
MSA usually requires the utilization of two or more of
the following components.
1st It's Knowledge based authentication.
It involves a personal security questions or swiping a debit
card and entering your PIN, downloading a VPN with digital
certificates, or answer answering personal security
questions.
2nd is inherence based any biological characteristics that
the user possess that a user can use to authenticate like your
retina scan, fingerprints and facial recognition.
Then we have the possession based.
This specifies something only the user has, so to log in, user
needs a badge token, key fobs, SIM cards, smartphones or OTP
apps.
Then we are location based, so our location based is geographic
or (Network) limits.
Users must meet the location conditions in or in addition to
the other factors.
Users may access an application within your company's network or
within a specific list of countries.
And lastly, we have time based.
It refers to any limits that may be implemented to limit
authentication.
Ours time based security will not allow users to log in
outside of the specific allowed access type.
So let's go through our MFA evolution.
Here's how Emma Fay has evolved to safeguard organizations from
cyber threats.
So we have the early 80s.
RSA introduced the first password generating key FOB or
1986, marking the evolution of A2 factor authentication.
Then on the 1990s to 2000s, AT&T developed 2FA over over
two way pagers, though RSA spelling key cryptography face
challenges due to cost and complexity.
Then, in 2000 to 2000, tens smartphones popular SMFA,
especially with BYOD initiatives, SMS and email
authentication made 2FA more accessible, driven by right.
Although with this rise of the smartphones, it kind of like
rice also raised up umm cyber threats.
So on 2000 tests, the present President Obama has hashtag
turned on 2FA initiative in 2016, promoted online safety
with major tech companies and financial institutions
supporting MFA adoption.
Biometric and password less authentication gain traction,
including fingerprint and facial recognition and smartphones,
RFID work, badges and password password, less network access
via digital certificates.
And also I forgot to mention that adaptive MFA also emerged
and allowing authentication methods to adapt based on
variables like device type, geography, identity traits, user
behavior, enhancing security without replacing traditional
MFA.
And here you can see examples of security tokens and types of
biometric authentications and you'll be familiar with this.
This would be our samples of multi factor authentication
business solutions.
We use at work and what is the future of biometric
authentication?
So by biometric identification, solutions have become firmly
established in our everyday lives, where they're at security
checks at airports or through facial recognition on our
smartphones.
And these are the next generation is already waiting
here.
We have the ear shape authentication.
This you might ear, has emerged as an ideal source for passive
person identification due to its table structures since birth.
A novel biometric approach known as ear Acoustic authentication
utilizes reflected sound within the ear.
This method employs an earbud type recognition device to
measure the geometry of the ear canal.
In 2020, the Hearable device debuted in the Tokyo,
representing a technological breakthrough, and it they've
also announced last year that a new gadget featuring year
acoustic pyramid biometric authentication will be available
to the public.
And they said they submitted delivery.
Launch was supposedly April of 2023 and will only cost $280.
Here we have vascular vein pattern recognition near
infrared light captures images of blood vessels in the hand or
finger.
Studies have shown that everyone's vascular pattern
remains distinct throughout life, unaffected by age.
The potential applications of these Technology traced back to
1992, then two years ago, Conservice.
Co founder and chairman of Redrock Biometrics and his team
introduced Palm.
ID this Technology analyzes skin lines and creases to establish
unique biometric signatures.
And actually last week, when my friend and I went to Whole Foods
in New York here in New Square in New York City, on the
checkout counters, they already have a Pam scanners.
So you just go into the registration, you have a QR code
from your credit card and they will.
You'll scan your palm on their scanner, and then you just go
into their checkout scanner.
You spam.
You can.
They'll scan your palm and you pay.
You pay through your palm.
And we have DNA matching.
Since the 1980s, DNA technologies, once limited to
forensics, have advanced significantly recent and
advancements like rapid DNA technology allow for swift,
convenient DNA profiling using mobile devices and automated
processes.
Very DNS Technology, as highlighted by Schindler,
enables rapid on site or remote DNA production.
So why is MFA important?
You sing.
MFA improves security against password related risk such as
phishing and brute force and assaults.
It safeguards various systems, including remote access, email
sensitive data such as financial and medical records, limiting
illegal access.
MFA is also critical for national security, since
government entities use it to protect sensitive data.
So I have.
Do you guys remember about the colonial pipeline attack?
So it was caused by a compromised dormant VPN account
that lacked an MFA.
So because of that recent exponential surge and the cyber
incidents, cyber security insurance carriers have made an
MFA a prerequisite for obtaining coverage.
President Biden's executive order 1402 requires zero trust,
cyber security and phishing resistant MFA to improve digital
system security and then utilizing a single sign on
eliminates the need to generate the password for each
application.
While the integration of MFA streamlines the login process
and facilitates secure remote entry on the organization's
network, here we have a cyber security resilience bell curve.
This I've got this from the Microsoft Digital defense report
of 2023 that they they released last October.
As you can see here in for 2023 it still shows that the basic
security hygiene protects against 99% of the attacks and a
cop top key factor is enabling MFA.
And on the same report.
Microsoft also reported that cyber criminals use cyber crime
as a as a service to scale phishing and DDoS attacks.
But of course there will always be challenges.
So these are the MFA implementation challenges and
solutions.
First, inaccurate MFA implementation could negate
their organization.
Cyber insurance, as I said earlier, now you you would
require me MFA to get service security insurance, then
modernizing apps before moving to the cloud is time consuming
and costly.
Optional MFA leads to poor adoption, but you'll always have
mandatory implementation to ensure acceptance.
Cutting corners and MFA implementation process risk, but
you have limited scope is insufficient.
Then you have user friction.
So we'll introduce adaptive MFA based on context reduces.
This SMS authentication is insecure, so you'll have
biometrics, security keys and magic links are we'll make it
better.
Passwords are weak.
We will also need we have the biometrics phone keys or magic
links offer stronger options then overlooking MFA's impact on
business, lack of executive support and user understanding
always delays MFA implementation and deploying all at once is not
a good idea.
MFA should roll out should be gradual, focusing on high risk
apps and users 1st and not implementing FFA or legacy
applications.
Uh, we can always identify orchestration platforms that can
help implement MFA on those legacy apps and sum it up by
adding extra verification layers like biometric information or
one time codes.
MFA has improved security beyond passwords.
As a result, the risk of unwanted access has been reduced
and sensitive information has been successfully protected.
However, these developments can also cause complexity and
usability problems, especially if there are few hack
authentication factors.
Ethical issues occur when it comes to guaranteeing
inclusivity for people with impairments or limited
authentication alternatives, as well as striking a balance
between security and user ease.
So to counter evolving cyber threats, adapting strong
security measures such as using MFA wherever possible, creating
strong and unique passwords, updating security settings,
being alert for phishing efforts is critical.
A safer online environment can be achieved by supporting moral
and inclusive mfas easily accessible authentication
techniques, and additionally, MFA skills can be improved by
utilizing machine learning and artificial intelligence.
AI algorithms are used by adaptive multi factor
authentication requirements in response to risk assessments.
Security is strengthened by this proactive strategy with
constantly addressed to threats and user behaviors, and these
are my references.
And that should be it.
Right on.
Thank you.
Does anybody have any questions?
No good job.
So I'm gonna bring things back to Daisy Trang.
Are you a?
You think you have a solution or?
Are you still working on things?
Let me see if it this work.
OK, let's see.
OK.
Does it work now?
I am.
We're not seeing your screen.
OK, wait a minute.
I see we have a question.
That's uh.
Hello, good evening.
Yes, I do.
Hello.
I am a little bit kind of lost.
I don't know if I'm lost or confused first, or is this the
IT to my SIS class?
This is the master class for the internship.
It's it's a weekly.
A meeting that we have where students present their their
master class.
Did did you go to the orientation meeting?
No, I think I started class yesterday and you know I've been
trying to catch up with the other of information.
I think the only thing that I'm tracking was on Monday, Tuesday
8:00 PM to 8 PM, 8:30 PM and 10:00 PM, so just going through
my emails and I was and I saw.
He saw that.
I don't know.
I don't.
I'm totally confused.
So is this IT296?
Or maybe with the wrong class?
I just saw the link and I decided to join.
This well, this is the PGIP internship.
Like instead of doing the CAP the capstone you can do the
internship.
So maybe I'm not.
I don't remember the numbers, but the orientation was an hour
ago.
It's a.
It's a different meeting than this one.
Umm there there should be a recording of it. Umm.
OK.
Yeah, we, we, we gotta get through this master class.
So.
Clean.
If you couldn't, you should have an email with your team lead.
Reach out to them either on teams or email.
OK. OK. Alright.
Thank you.
Yeah, no problem.
Ohh my bill would just stay so that we are evaluating the right
class.
I don't have to miss a lot, but so right now you don't know if
this is for was the class sociate masters or partial loss.
You know what this class is all about?
If it is for Masters associate, or at least that way I can have
a good head or where I am.
The this internship has associates, bachelors, and
people doing their masters all combined into one so.
Ohh.
So if if you if you chose to do the internship, then like this
OK, I think.
Mm-hmm.
this meeting is a it's an optional meeting that we have
every week.
Students will have to present at some point, but yeah.
OK.
OK, OK.
I think I will just Aung around.
Yeah, if you want.
Thank you.
I I would just recommend getting in touch with the your team lead
and trying to find the orientation recording.
It's it's on teams.
OK, OK.
Yeah, no problem.
I think you.
So do you guys see it?
Are we can see it partially partially cut off though
OK.
It's cut off on the right side.
actually.
OK, how about this?
Tonight I'm gonna talk about cloud computing.
What is cloud computing?
Sitting is the delivery of computing services, including
servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics
and intelligent over the Internet to offer faster
innovation, flexible resources and economics of scale.
Before the cloud, you might have backed up your documents, photos
or music to an external device like a CD-ROM or to your
computer hard drive.
Now you can back up all that information to the cloud.
There are three main types of cloud computing, private cloud,
public cloud, hybrid cloud.
Private Cloud is a cloud infrastructure that is solely
used by one organization.
It gives organizations greater control over security.
It can be hosed internally or externally.
Private class or group for organizations that have high
security demands and high management demands, public cloud
is a type of hosting.
Which cloud services or deliver over network for public use?
Customers do not have any control over the locations of
the infrastructures.
The cause is shared by all users and is either free or in the
form of license policy like pay per user.
Public clouds are great for organization that require
managing the host applications and the various application user
use.
Ibrik cloud hybrid Cloud uses both private and public clouds,
but but can remain separate entities.
Resources are managed and can be provided either internally or by
externally providers I had with cloud is great for scalability,
flexibility and security.
An example of this is an organization that can use the
public class, interact with customers while keeping their
data secure through their private cloud.
They're all three main type of cloud computing infrastructures.
As a service, I AAS IS contains the basic building block.
Ohh building blocks for IT.
It typically provide access to networking features, computers,
virtual or dedicated hardware in data storage space.
I EST give you the level of flexibilities and manage
management control over your IT resources.
It is most similar to the existing IT resources with which
many IT departments and developers are familiar.
Software as a service.
SAS provide you with a complete product that is run and managed
by the service provider.
In most cases, people refers to SAS or referring to end user
applications such as web based email with a SAS offering, you
don't have to think about how the service is maintained or how
the underlying infrastructure is managed.
You only need to think about how you will use that particular
software.
Platform as a service.
PAS PAS.
Remove the need for you to manage underlying
infrastructure, usually hardware in operating system and allow
you to focus on the deployments and management of your
application.
This helped you be more efficient as you don't need to
worry about resource or planning or meaning or maintaining,
patching or any heavy lifting involving running your
application.
Cloud provider the most popular.
Uh cloud provider on Amazon Web Services, also known as AWS,
Microsoft Azure, Google Platform, Cloud, TPC.
Major companies are using cloud.
For example, Netflix Epic game Facebook are using Amazon Web
Services, AWS, PayPal, Intel, Yahoo are using Google Cloud
platform.
GCP and Samsung pick saw eBay or use or using Microsoft Azure.
Here's a video that I wanted to show you on the history of cloud
computing.
In the early mid 90s, cloud computing has become a mainstay
of modern work life and leisure.
The origin of the term cloud computing can be traced back to
early network schematics, where the appearance of overlapping
server icons resembled the pillows of clouds.
Just.
Soon a cloud like shape came to be synonymous with areas on a
network that required little explanation in order to
understand the diagram as a whole, and by 1996, companies
such as compact computers had begun to develop internal use
marketing strategies around these so called cloud services
software as a service platform, as a service and infrastructure
as a service outside of the drawing room, the cloud is a
metaphor for segments of a network that can be accessed
from any number of devices through the Internet.
Each segment utilizes the concept of virtualization, where
one or more physical servers can be configured individually but
appearing to the user as a single physical device.
Much like a traditional utility such as electricity, umm cloud
services are set up on a pay for use basis, monitored across the
grid.
We're services can be scaled or diverted to meet changing
consumer needs while continuing to utilize the same basic
resources.
The history of the Internet itself goes back as far as the
early 1960s, with research into packet switching, online
transaction processing, and the development of ARPANET.
By 1986, interconnected Internets were popping up in
research and education institutions all across the
United States, and we're gaining a foothold in Europe as well.
By the mid 1990s, Time magazine was calling it the strange new
world of the Internet.
The period was marked by the founding of a number of Internet
based companies known as Dot Coms that led to a time of
unprecedented economic growth.
But by the start of the new millenniumthe.com bubble had
burst and many companies were scrambling to create
efficiencies in their data centers that could rein in the
huge expense that the Internet had become.
Then, in late 2003, the small Amazon.com development team in a
satellite office in South Africa presented a paper to chairman
and CEO Jeff Bezos that took a more innovative approach.
What if the group envisioned they could build a system that
was made up of largely web based services and that was fully
automated, requiring less systems maintenance, and that
could be used by developers as a resource in their more complex
applications?
The idea was a hit Amazon Web Services launched as a full
blown service in 2006, with a number of companies adopting the
platform as a low cost, flexible alternative to internal IT
initiatives.
Soon, any number of competing devices and services would pop
She.
up to meet growing consumer demand for what was now being
You.
called the cloud.
OK, you should be.
Demand for services quickly growing by 2008 and with capital
investments by wireless and cable companies leading to
I.
increases in speed and reliability of networks.
No.
What once seemed like science fiction was now a feasible
reality of fast and inexpensive Internet that could be used by
anyone practically anywhere.
Even do, but you're the.
And the rest, as they say, is in the clouds.
You know you could use this time to be studying your verses.
Ohh, got a hot mic, Joseph.
So that was my report.
Did you go?
Did you go see it?
No, it's not that you can.
Yeah.
Yeah, we could.
Uh, it was a little cut off on the right side, but it was it
This.
was good enough.
We could see and hear it.
So that's good.
Glad everything worked out.
That's.
Sorry.
Yeah.
Thank you.
Yeah.
Thank you.
Hold on versus you know.
Joseph.
Joseph Brady.
And thank you.
Ohh hi sorry.
Yeah, yeah.
Hot making.
Sorry about that.
I didn't realize it.
Yeah, no problem.
Alright.
Uh, Juan Ortiz.
Hi I'm here.
I have zero.
I I've never presented on teams before.
OK.
Yeah.
So up in the top right, there's the beside the.
Resent him.
Leave.
Teams one.
That's yeah.
Share and then you can select whichever window or a you just
share a screen if you want to do that.
OK, I'll save this.
Ohh I have to save it to the cloud.
Yeah, whatever. Umm.
And if you have any sort of videos and need to share audio,
you'll have to do that after you share the window.
Oh no, I have no, no anything.
No? OK.
Alright.
OK, so you're about to present presenting.
Pairing mice.
Loading my presentation.
All right, so it looks like I can see the text too so.
I can.
All right, let's start.
Yep, looks good on our end.
You ever.
Hi everyone, my name's Warner Tees today.
I'm going to be talking about social algorithms and proposing
the smart phone question.
So first I'd like to take a minute and ask the audience.
You could text it.
You can shout it out.
Whatever I I don't mind, I can see it.
I can see the text log.
What is the first thing that comes to your mind?
Maybe what you're gonna have for dinner, you're gonna do tomorrow
night.
Favorite drink?
Just tell me what's the first thing that is on your mind.
Sleep.
Yeah, I was gonna say.
I feel you.
Good.
OK ohh.
A second that.
Sleep.
Sleep, food.
What kind of food?
Ohh cheeseburger.
Cheeseburgers.
Ortiz.
Ortiz all?
Yes, very delicious for me.
I'm thinking of fried chicken.
I'm thinking about having a nice box of raising canes with their
slightly crispy fried chicken and test Texas toast and nice
sauce.
But what I'm thinking of phrasing canes when I'm thinking
of raising canes, and I just say damn, I really want some reason.
James, right now I go on Facebook.
I I start my doom scrolling and next thing I know I get slapped
with an ad on Facebook about a value deal from breaking games.
That chicken box is 599.
Wow, I really need to get it.
The point I'm trying to illustrate here is that
sometimes people think of things only for their phones to also
present the same things to them automatically.
So I wanted to answer why is that so?
This presentation will be dedicated to answering the
question why does my phone know so much about what I want?
So to start answering that question, we need to learn about
social media algorithms.
An algorithm is a series of instructions designed to solve
specific problems or do certain things or computers and
algorithm might be used to sort objects or locate data inside of
the system.
For social media, the algorithm is used to solve the problem of
overwhelming us with content, as is what typically happens when
no filters are in place for information.
Social media algorithms are crucial in giving users constant
content to engage with while also determining its validity,
its placement, and if the material itself is compatible
with our preferences.
These kind of algorithms are the reasons why consumers end up
seeing personalized or curated content.
So social media algorithms are responsible with giving us
period content.
How can they know so much about us?
How can they personalize our experience knowing so little
about us?
The answer comes from user engagement.
Facebook, for instance, sees were playing their game, and
naturally they're taking notes on how we play because they want
us to keep playing if there's no engagement, there's no means to
keep us there.
So one of the ways they study up on our tendencies is why
attempting to trap us in an endless stream of content,
showing videos and other material at us to force us to
keep watching.
This trap can also be compounded by basic social norms and
pressures compelling us to watch things based on certain
obligations we might have to our friends and family.
I'll get into these pressures on the next slide.
Let's list a few of these.
So anyone who is familiar with Tik T.O.K or Instagram knows
that you can't pause videos.
If you treat these reels like normal videos, you'll end up
muting them instead of pausing them after a few loops, thinking
you're tired of the first video, they'll give you a new one
within minutes.
They've got you engaged.
Secondly, has anyone heard of the term seen zoning scene?
Zoning is when you read your friend's messages with no intent
to reply.
A lot of people I know take offense to that, so if someone
sends you funny videos, you kind of have an obligation to
respond.
But by doing so, the algorithm has a chance to study you.
It's also harder to disengage from a social media network when
you have substantial investment in your profile.
Perhaps if you're a content creator or a meme page, you must
engage with others to gain more material for your account.
Not to mention the amount of fame you'll lose if you drop off
the map.
Lastly, the algorithm can send content that confirms your own
beliefs.
When this happens, it creates an echo chamber and it's hard to
break away from a biased realm that will always tell you that
you're right, these are just some of the ways that social
media can get you hooked and make you just another test
subject.
Now let's address the issue at the end of the day, the reason
for why our phones are so smart, practically psychic, if I'm
being honest, is us.
In the real world, thoughtless browsing and searching can allow
social media to bring you targeted ads, as they're always
tracking what you're searching for.
In the case of thinking of things and your phone somehow
thinks the same things as you, they don't actually tap your
microphone, as some people might believe.
I I thought that when I was studying this instead of a
friend is searching for the same things that they talked to you
about.
The algorithm may push its luck by giving the same ads they have
to you, but here's the weird thing about this.
Let's consider two guys, Carl and John.
They're talking about their favorite place to get some fried
chicken, but John is a mukbang vlogger on YouTube, so you know
he's all about fried chicken by comparison.
Carl only uses social media to check in with friends and
family, so he doesn't use as much as John does.
They start talking about, you guessed it, raising canes when
they get together.
Now they chat a little bit and then they go home afterwards.
But when Carl gets home, he doesn't type in anything about
raising pains.
In theory, he shouldn't get ads about it, right?
Because he's not engaging with Facebook, talking about raising
canes, well consider this John has geolocation on and he's been
frequenting the raising canes right next to the Walmart down
the street because Coral and John have been frequently seen
together.
The algorithm may take a chance and give John's adds to Carl to
get him hooked.
In conclusion, ads can be suggested based on the interest
your friends have.
But the kicker is that location data is also valuable to the
algorithm and giving you personalized content.
I'd like to take a moment to say that if you are a friend that
has geolocation on your device, I'd like to ask you what are you
doing?
Geolocation is a security risk.
If you haven't known, and I suggest you Google how to turn
it off in your device and settings as soon as humanly
possible.
After this presentation, of course your attention should be
on me.
Now let's look at what this issue means now and for our
future.
As you may know, artificial intelligence, or AI, is now a
mainstay in algorithm design, and our own lives.
I personally started using AI to help me with my writing and send
be checking my ideas.
I don't want to torture my friends to be my beta readers.
So you know what can you do?
But it's just so big quitus ever present.
LinkedIn, for instance, uses AI to offer job recommendations and
networking opportunities.
It can be customer service.
There's whole services that allow you to talk to AI bots,
role playing as your favorite fictional characters.
It's crazy.
It's evident that AI can do so much instantly, replacing people
previously in charge of pushing personalized content.
But the problem comes in the fact that AI is still human.
It's still like us.
Thus, it's still susceptible to our own biases.
It's even possible for people to make deep fakes.
So famous people and have them influence the public this way.
A good example is last month.
If you've been following the election craze, a Democrat last
month in January made an AI deep fake of Joe Biden, telling
people to skip the US, not US primary New Hampshire primary
and save their vote for November.
The implications of these possibilities evolving in the
future could very well mean that AI could incite chaos, with more
evolved fabricated events.
Next, let us assess how ethical this issue is.
As we know, AI algorithms can end up creating echo chambers
for users based on aggressively predicting the type of content
we like.
These algorithms that are designed for maximum engagement
can create addictions to content because of how it's self
confirms our biases.
In addition, influencers that share our outlooks could very
well expose us to extreme political viewpoints as we
connect with the person we're watching.
Lastly, some studies show that social media pushes and rewards
of viewing of extreme videos leading to public misinformation
and political radicalization.
I have a quote from Chamath Palihapitiya, who was the former
Vice president of user growth at Facebook, to emphasize how
unethical this sounds.
I feel tremendous guilt.
The short term dopamine driven feedback loop that we have
created are destroying our society works.
Now to conclude, I'll ask the question again, why do our
phones know so much about what we want?
In conclusion, the answer is US phones get smarter the more
information we give it based on how much we engage with their
content.
Because of how algorithms are fueled by participation, social
media apps are aggressive in pushing content to us to keep us
engaged.
They push targeted ads to us based on our preferences and our
friends preferences, as well as where we might be at the time.
With the advent of AI, it exacerbates emphasizes the
problems of promoting incitement and the creation of ECHO
chambers.
Unfortunately, we will have to deal with intrusive algorithms
and in clairvoyance, smart devices, for as long as this age
of technology persists, the only solution to escape from these
intrusive data collection schemes is to just unplug.
Yet taking a detox from the virtual world is a nuclear
option.
Not many people want to take but like a famous movie says at the
end the only winning move is not to play.
Thank you very much.
Here's my references.
I hope you learn something.
I I have one that that is very enlightening cause my coworker
Possum.
and I were just talking the other day about some external a
portable displays for our laptops and I was telling about
this one.
I saw that that had two screens that connected through a single
USB and how cool it was, and then he he told me the very next
day that it popped up all over his phone.
Oh yeah, that's that is scary.
Hey Juan, I I do have a question for you.
Uh, this is Miguel, by the way.
Yeah. Ohh.
So how do you think?
I mean cause you know, we can educate people right about how
to not add information to algorithms and how to not put
their information out there.
But what more do you think could be done?
Like, do you think there needs to be regulations that are made?
Do you think they'll need to be industry standards and need to
be established?
Like what?
What would your opinion be of that?
I that is a tough question and it's a it's a feeling question.
So I can't answer it, but it's.
I do think that there should be some industry standard when it
comes to social media networks and even other people handling
user data, like when you start getting into people's location
data when people have geolocation on it does open up a
lot of unethical value to the situation.
I feel like if there was some way to maybe minimize the amount
of tracking that these networks can do in order to engage people
in their content, it'd be more ethical for these networks to do
what they do all the time.
But it's a very touchy subject that I don't think there's any
real room to change because of just how much it's evolved.
And it with my phone every app I just got a new phone.
So every app is asking permissions and thankfully well
as Samsung S24 or whatever I got, it will ask whether or not
I allow it to track my location, and there's an option for only
while the app is in use.
So maybe that's one thing they've maybe they're trying
whether or not you trust that they're actually not tracking
you at that point, but yeah.
Yeah, I get super.
I get super scared when apps asking me about my location like
I used to play this game called Monster Hunter Go, which is just
Pokemon go with a Monster Hunter flavor and a bigger possibility
of you getting hit by a car.
So it always asked me if you want like your little pet to
collect materials for you while you're out of the app, you
should always have your location on and I was like, OK, what
could go wrong?
And I had my location on for about a whole month and the
problem is what happens when you have an app like that and it
gets compromised and a malicious actor can just track you
anywhere.
And I've even done digital forensic courses where the
devices did have geotagging on their photos, and it's just it
wasn't lightning, but also scary like a person can just go to
great lengths just to track you down.
It's just.
I think the whole data I think about collecting data is just
very strong and it's very underlooked at how strong it
could be.
Yeah, definitely.
It's a interesting subject, but in the interest of time, unless
anybody's got more questions, we can move on to the next
Yeah.
presenter.
Thank you again and we'll go to Amanda and then just one more
after this.
Alright, thank you.
Just getting my screen shared here.
Yep, you got it.
Alright.
So, good evening, everyone.
Tonight my presentation is on technology in the world of
animal rescue.
Alright.
And the agenda for tonight, it's gonna be a brief introduction.
I'll go over some areas of opportunity and then over some
current technology being used in animal rescue.
What the future of technology looks like in animal rescue, and
then a brief summary.
So introduction the pet industry, it's a booming
business in the United States and animal rescues and shelters
are a vital but underdeveloped part of the pet industry that
needs drastic improvements.
There are approximately 10,000 animal rescues and shelter
organizations in the United States, and most are severely
underdeveloped when it comes to funding, infrastructure,
healthcare and just general operations.
Since roughly 6 million animals enter the animal shelter system
each year, there is a great urgency to address the issues
facing things.
Organizations and technology is proving to be a vital part of
the necessary development for these organizations.
So for some areas of opportunity for we know how technology can
help improve the development and conditions of shelters and
animal rescues nationwide is important to understand areas of
opportunity.
So first funding funding is a major concern for both privately
funded animal rescues and publicly funded animal shelters.
So the funding for animal shelters is mostly reliant on
how much the local government can fund, while private animal
rescues mostly rely on their donor base for funding, the lack
of funding can contribute to issues like overcrowding,
inadequate housing and poor adoption rates.
Next is public relations.
Where a majority of animal shelters and rescues have been
behind the times when it comes to how they reach the public,
mostly relying on basic websites and simple social media posts to
get the word out about adoptable animals and volunteer needs and
fundraising opportunities.
And this also ends up tying into the adoption process, which has
historically relied on people coming in person to see
adoptable animals.
And then it takes days.
Sometimes weeks could be approved and adopt an animal,
especially when it comes to adopting from private animal
rescues.
The last two areas of opportunity identified are
health care and overall organizational operations.
The animals in carrot shelters and rescues need access to
affordable, flexible health care in order to be able to be
adopted, so lack of available health care can be the
difference between an animal being adopted or languishing in
a shelter, and then probably the largest area of opportunity for
animal shelters and rescues is how their organization is
operated.
Since so many organizations are far behind the times and still
using outdated technologies, or sometimes none at all, this
means that these organizations are not keeping track of
valuable data like intake rates, intake types, animal return
rates, complaint histories, breed preferences, and adoption
success rates.
So now that we have identified plenty of areas of opportunity
for technology to help improve animal shelters and rescues, I'm
gonna take a look at 4 exciting ways technology is currently
helping the state of these organizations, starting with the
adoptive wise app.
So let me play you a brief video first.
Adopt wise as an animal shelter software that takes the shelter
out of shelter.
Photos can you guys hear that or is that too low?
For me it's a little low.
It's a little OK let me.
Yeah.
Yeah, a little quiet.
No, quiet, let me try turning up my volume.
Into your.
Hopefully that will help. OK.
Adopt wise as an animal shelter software that takes the shelter
out of shelter.
Photos I'm going to give you a quick demo of the adoption, OK.
Still pretty low, Amanda.
Yeah.
If you go to your sound, there's a volume mixer.
If you right click on it or.
Click on that little thing next to the volume slider.
Yeah.
But it be good at settings.
Yeah.
Uh, possibly.
Uh.
Every computer seems to identify that one a little bit
differently.
Right.
So mine actually has where it'll show me all my open apps and I
can adjust the sound for each one within that.
Ohh yeah, I don't know if it's gonna have that.
If you try right clicking the the sound icon like at the
bottom.
I got the very yeah, just right click open volume mixer.
And we, yeah, now shouldn't be system sounds.
Uh.
Maybe system sounds?
How it would be the Microsoft Teams one at the bottom, but
No.
it's maxed out.
Yeah.
Bummer.
OK. Sorry.
It's gonna be a little low, but it's a quick video, I promise.
Yeah.
Well, listen, OK, nobody talks.
Everybody cranks their headsets.
Yes, sorry.
Adopt wise as an animal shelter software that takes the shelter
out of shelter.
Photos I'm going to give you a quick demo of the ADOPTIONIST
Technology via the Free Adoptionist Foster web app that
works on both desktop and mobile devices.
I'm.
We're going to use this image, Mindy at intake at Stockton
Animal Services.
I'm foster dottedoptimized.co click upload photo at the bottom
of the page, still out your information, your name, shelter,
Hello.
email, and your pets name.
Did you get a $10.00 on your PayPal at 8:30?
Confirm there are no people in the in.
Hold on.
Let me check.
Joseph.
Edges or things in the foreground.
Choose your file and upload your image.
Adopt my send you a verification email.
There are no accounts for adopting my foster to make it
really simple for you.
All you have to do is click.
At this point, adopting my starts processing your image, we
show you cute gifts while we work our magic.
The process takes about 15 to 30 seconds.
Here's our cute girl, and you can see her original image
below.
You can always select a different color.
Adorable.
The last step is to email yourself the image by clicking
the edited photo.
That's it.
It's designed to be fast and simple, so you can spend time on
other form portant this.
So pretty straightforward, but the idea is super powerful.
UM, some of the agencies that have used this have seen
dramatic improvements in their adoption rates, and some
examples here include El Paso Animal Services, which saw a 24%
higher adoption rate and 105% higher reclaim rate, which ended
up saving the organization over $500,000 in care costs.
Stockton Animal Services saw a 79% higher adoption rate and the
Palm Valley Animal Society saw dramatically higher click rates
for pet profiles using adopt amise versus their standard
profiles.
So next we have dubert.
Dubert is an online software platform specifically built for
animal rescuers and is the only foster home management system
currently on the market.
Dubert was created by Chris Roy in 2014 and since then has grown
to support over 1200 rescues and over 20,000 volunteers in the
United States.
Dubert offers many features including foster space, where
foster homes can easily connect with the animal organization
they are fostering for case management, where users can
create their own follow-up workflows that run
automatically.
Rescue 2, where videos of adoptable animals can easily be
uploaded via the free Dubert mobile app.
The system also has the option for rescues to create
fundraising events for specific animals, and then any funds or
automatically deposited into the rescues PayPal account.
Lastly, Dubert is the only software system that is able to
help manage multiple types of volunteer based transport, which
is a vital part of rescuing high risk animals.
Next we have vets plus more vets, plus Moore is a telehealth
app.
That animal rescue organizations can use to get convenient vet
services over text or video calling instead of having to
always have an in person appointment vets plus more
offers animal rescue organizations the ability for
foster homes to connect with vets quickly for advice, saving
time and money, and can assist new adopters with transitioning
their new adopted pet into the home.
The first few months in a new home is a sensitive time for
both the new pet and adopters, so being able to support this
process can help reduce the chance of the pet being
returned.
There's also the added benefit of the rescue organizations
being able to resell the package through vets, plus more to the
new adoptive home for additional revenue.
Finally, there is the wolf tracks app, which allows users
to download the free app and support their favorite charity
every time they walk their dog.
Eligible 501C3 organizations and animal shelters can become a
wolf tracks partner, and then users can find them on the app
to select to support.
So every time the user goes on a walk, they are sending money to
the charity they support which helps promote, you know, healthy
exercise as well as increase the user's awareness of the charity
they're supporting.
And on average, it does take about 25 walks to buy a meal for
an average sized dog at a rescue.
So the app promotes users to invite friends and family to
walk to, and you can create a group in the app and then all
the earned donations are then sent quarterly to the charities.
The future of technology and animal rescue is seeing the
emergence of new technologies that can drastically help our
ability to save more animals.
So advanced technologies like the use of drones and artificial
intelligence can help provide valuable surveillance
information and crisis response coordination.
One example is during the terrible Australian wildfires in
2020.
The use of AI actually helped reduce rescue time by 20% and
maximized positive outcomes.
Innovative technologies like smart callers can help better
monitor and animals, health and location.
Virtual reality has already been used to help educate people on
conservation issues, and it can help to do the same thing for
animal rescues and shelters.
And finally, mobile technology is continuing to provide
innovative ways of saving animals lives.
One example being the app pets and go, which allows for
crowdsourced reporting and tracking of lost animals using a
digital Ledger which has helped increase the reunion rates of
lost pets and their families.
So in summary, the world of animal rescue, it's still behind
technologically, but luckily there are current applications
and software available to help support better organizational
operations, fundraising, adoption process and healthcare.
Some more animals can thrive and continuing to innovate and adopt
better technological processes will ensure a brighter future
for the world of animal rescue.
I just want to say thank you for listening to my presentation and
these are my references.
Amanda, I absolutely love your presentation.
My parents run a large breed dog rescue in Indiana and and
they've been looking for ways to increase their business and I I
Oh, wonderful.
would love to pick your brain on that.
I'm actually looking at coming back as a GITA mentor so that I
can work on a project within the internship.
Have already started getting the ball rolling on it to help them
build a website to help them build their business and and
really get things going 'cause it is a non profit and they're.
I love that.
Completely funded by donations.
Yes.
Yeah, this is a topic that's near and dear to my heart.
I've been on boards before and animal rescue and everything, so
Just.
that's amazing.
I would love to be a part of that.
So yeah, absolutely.
Reach out.
As a a message on the side.
I'd love to help.
So when you get a chance, just hit me back and I'll tell you
about some of the ideas so far.
Awesome.
Yeah, that sounds fantastic.
I love it.
Any other questions or anything?
I was just gonna say one thing, Amanda.
I'm.
I'm actually from El Paso and one of the cool things that the
animal shelter does is they have a lost and found section.
You know, like on their website and I think on their app and
then it's got what's called the pet Finder map.
So basically, if if the animals chipped, they're able to post a
Ohh.
picture of the animal with the name, you know it's home look
like basically it's information and where it was found.
I love that.
Yeah, because it really it's huge being able to quickly pair
the annual or get the animal back to their home instead of
having to have them in a shelter. And.
Yeah.
And as and as someone who has a dog that likes to wander
sometimes, even with a fenced yard.
Ohh, you know, it's always like on my mind having him run away
and then all of a sudden not being able to to find him and
everything.
So that kind of technology for being able to reunite pets with
their families is just amazing.
Speaking with Technology for that, I recently got a A tag, a
Yeah, it's cool.
dog tag for my dog off of Amazon.
It just has a QR code on it, but it's keyed into a website and
then anytime somebody scans that QR code, it notifies me of their
position.
Oh, wow.
Wow. Yeah.
It's it's kind of cool because if my dog gets loose wandering
the neighborhood, nobody's getting like QR code to figure
Yep.
out who she belongs to.
And then I get a notification as soon as they do it.
Hey, that's perfect.
Yeah, that's.
And that's the kind of location tracking that I can get behind.
So, Amanda, how many pets do you have?
I have 3 three different dogs.
All rescues and different ages, but yeah, they're just a big mob
over here.
I'd have more, but it's just not feasible at this time.
You know.
App.
Good for you.
Thank you.
And thank you guys for your attention and everything.
I appreciate it.
Your job.
Yeah, great.
Great presentation.
Thank you.
Alright.
And last but not least, we got Zigmund.
Yes, hello.
Hello.
Let's see if I can get score.
All right.
Is that going up correctly?
Yeah, we can see.
Cool.
Alright, we'll just get right into it.
This is artificial intelligence in video games.
My name is Zig.
I hope you guys all find this topic as interesting as I did.
Umm, so first let's define our topic.
We'll be talking about game AI, specifically, the programming
behind NPC behavior, the stuff that helps NPCS decide where to
go and what to do.
Path finding a decision trees are two of the most basic
aspects of this, but there's a lot more that goes into it.
As you'll see, one thing to note is that I won't be going over
some things like procedural content generation or player
experience modeling, even though some consider these to be part
of game AI, I also won't be discussing a I made to play
games from an external perspective.
Like uh, like a player.
There's also quite difference between game AI and AGI, which
is a AI designed to be able to perform any mental task a human
can.
Uh, there's a big gap between AI developed for academia and video
game industry.
So, uh, quite large.
For game developers, the purpose of game AI is to improve
gameplay.
It really only needs to be good enough to make a better game
experience for the player.
Developers are often constrained by time and hardware, so Game
III just needs to provide the illusion of intelligence.
Doesn't have to actually be intelligent, and one developer's
experience game.
I is only one third proper algorithms, the rest is hacks
and heuristics.
In fact, there's a lot that goes into game AI that isn't even AI.
Players will judge a games AI on things like whether a guard
reacts to their presence, such as with a startled animation and
who's there under the hand of a guard, doesn't react or NPC's
are doing, are seen doing odd things like walking into walls.
Players will judge the game AI as bad.
Players will also consider a game to have bad AI if NPCS are
obviously cheating, like if they can create extra resources out
of nothing or teleport around.
One interesting anecdote I found is from the development of the
popular FPS Halo.
During play testing, they found that simply giving enemies more
health caused players to report the AI as more intelligent, so
the percentage of that of players who reported that they
were more intelligent went from 8% to 43%.
So quite a large jump in then and all they did was change the
the amount of health.
How many bullets it took to kill the enemies?
Umm, so here's the first of four real world game examples of a
I'll talk about.
This is an old classic Pacman, uh.
Most of you may know, but Pacman.
Basically, you run around a maze and you try to eat up all these
little pellets while being chased by ghosts.
All of the game play comes from the ghosts, each there's four of
them.
They each have a sort of different personalities, umm,
and the way this was programmed was uh, well, for one thing,
they have a finite state machine which is a construct where an
object, in this case of Ghost, has a finite number of states
that it can be in, and these three states per PAC man is
scatter, chase and frightened.
Uh, frightened has caused by Pacman eating a bit of fruit.
Uh, the ghosts become frightened.
And then he could eat them and they try to run away from him.
The two modes are scattered and chase.
They begin with scatter and then they go into chase.
There's a timer between the two and it sort of loops.
So during the game sort of waves that happen.
The game stage is divided into tiles, and each ghost has a
target tile that they try to reach whenever they enter a new
tile.
The ghost decides which direction to go based on which
will bring closer to the target tile.
So in this example here with the image you can see that the ghost
is coming into a new child and he has two options to go left or
right.
His target is the Red Square below and the green uh lines
represent, you know, the evaluation going on.
So in this case it's gonna say ohh if I turn right.
The path to the Red Square is shorter, so even though it's
actually a longer path, it will take that path.
Because of that evaluation.
Umm, so that's the general AI for these.
They have a target tile.
They try to reach and the the evaluation that goes into them.
Each of the ghost is a unique personality, sort of.
The first goes blinky, the red one directly chases Pacman, so
his target is always the tile that Pacman is actually
occupying, so it as Pacman moves linky will try to reach the new
title, Pinky.
The pink one tries to ambush Pacman by getting ahead of him,
and so Pinky does this by targeting the tile.
I think it's either two or four tiles ahead of Pacman, so in
effect Peaky.
We'll try to ambush them.
Inky is described as wimsatt and the Japanese the original one,
and he's hard to predict and I'll go into that in a second.
Clyde is seen as like the slow one.
He feigns ignorance in the Japanese and sort of changes his
mind.
Uh, so do a deeper into depth on this.
Clyde will Chase Pacman just like Blinky, the red one until
Claude gets within 8 tiles, at which point they'll go into
scatter mode.
Umm, where they'll try to retreat to a target tile and so
each coast has a target tile that's just beyond the one
corner of the map, and you can see in the lower left there.
On the orange, there's a square that's outside the map.
Uh, that's actually interesting too, because by putting the tile
somewhere unreachable because of the way the ghosts evaluates
what path to take, the ghost will kind of a loop around
because they can never actually reach that tile, and they also
can't go backwards unless certain conditions are met.
Uh.
Inky, however, has a very.
Probably the most unique targeted method here.
Inky picks a spot uh, based on both PAC man's location and
Blinkies.
So Inky will pick a spot.
That's well, you'll take the spot.
That's two spots ahead of Pacman.
And then it'll draw a vector between Blinky and that spot
ahead of Pacman, and then double it.
And that's the tile which you can see here.
So this causes inky to kind of take some very strange picks for
his tile to target, and sometimes you'll be wildly off,
and sometimes you'll be right there.
In fact, I think, uh, if, because the way this works, if
Blinky is close to Pac-Man, Inky will usually be too.
But if blank is further inky, will usually be off doing his
own thing.
The next game going to talk about is creatures from 1996.
Uh, it was an artificial life simulator modeling behavior.
Learning genetics, biochemistry, et cetera.
Tons of stuff.
This, whatever.
Uh, pretty impressive to hear about.
I actually never played this game, but from what I can tell
it seems to be some kind of a.
It's like playing The Sims with Furbies.
Very strange.
So the AI of Norene actually use a neural network made up of 952
neurons.
That's with about 5000 connections between them,
grouped into 9 lobes.
The lobes included noun and verb, which the player could
actually type into the game commands and things, and so noun
and verbal part of that is how the Norn could take in
information.
Uh, concept decision, attention, drive, drive being things like
hunger or loneliness, I think fear hunger, that kind of thing.
Did I say 100 twice anyway?
Uh perception stimulus source.
General sense they could, if they were near an object that
would show up that they would have a neuron associated with
that object that they were nearby.
They could see it, and that neuron would increase in value
and the top neuron like the top object with the highest value
would become the object of its attention.
Umm.
And the same was true of like drives.
For instance, the hungry.
It was the more the hunger neuron would have a value, and
it would then focus on that.
So the the the connections between the neurons in 1996,
obviously a hardware was limited, so the number of neuron
connections was only around 5000 UM.
Today it would be in the 1,000,000.
If you built a proper neural network with connections between
every neuron.
Umm.
Now the connections were subject to three mechanisms.
Uh reinforcement atrophy and migration.
So reinforcement increases or decreases the strength of
connections depending on whether they had a positive or negative
result.
Connections that are sufficiently weak or atrophy to
the point that they will migrate to other neurons and players
could also provide direct rewards and punishments, so I'll
go over how this works in a second.
This is a diagram of what?
Uh norene brain.
Kind of looks like, uh, each of these squares is a lobe.
Umm.
In the concept lobe, the neurons represent situations made up of
a bunch of other neurons.
The perception lobe acts as a container for values from a four
other lobes, and this was because uh of limitations in the
in the system.
Apparently lobes could not be connected to more than a certain
number of the lobes, so perception had to be kind of
like a they copy the values from other lobes into it so that it
could have multiple things going on once.
In this example, you see that there's the hunger drive is
active.
It can perceive food nearby, and because it's near them, they
will have this situation as a concept, a neuron, and if the
connection exists and is strong enough, the normal decide to eat
food.
So that situation in concept Will uh push or what?
We'll create this neuron connection with push.
Uh, which is apparently, if they if they push food, they eat it
in this game.
Push was, I guess, kind of like a general usability.
Umm.
So with the with the reinforcement system, when a
when a Norman does something that results in something good
happening, like for instance eating food when it's hungry,
when hunger is satisfied, that will strengthen that connection.
So that action that they took eating the food that becomes
stronger, so they'll do that more often, but if they do
something negative like for instance, uh in the last slide I
showed you the box art, the green guy, there is a Grendel,
sort of like an enemy to the norns.
So if a norn approaches a Grendel, they have a fear drive
which will increase in intensity.
When they approach that Grendel, and so that negative.
You know result will cause them to not take that action as much.
The next game I'll talk about is fear.
This was a horror shooter game.
Half the game was being jumpscared by this little girl
ghost.
You can see in the cover there and knew half the game was
fighting these these soldiers.
Fears often lauded as having fantastic AI as one of the best
shooter AIS that they have out there. Uh.
The soldiers could actually work together in some sense.
They could, when you fight them, they would flank you.
They would open up new fronts in the battlefield.
They'd flush you to cover with grenades, and you can hear them
shouting to each other all the way.
All the time, like constantly kind of updating themselves, but
the player also on what they were doing and thinking.
But fear uhm, like I told you, the finite state machine and
back in Pacman a lot of these often use finite state machines.
Fear only has three, which is surprising.
It's the same number of the PAC man has, but the reason for that
is because they fear also uses a planning system based on strips,
which is a uh.
I think it's an algorithm produced by Stanford Research
Institute.
UM, this system is based on goals and actions, so Plank
system tells each AI what their goals and actions are, and then
the AI decides how to achieve the goal with the actions
available.
And here's an excerpt I found in a paper which was very
interesting.
I'll just go ahead and read this.
Imagine that we created a goal set which contains only two
goals, patrol and kill enemy.
When we assign this goal set to our soldier, he patrols through
a warehouse until he sees the player, at which point he starts
firing his weapon.
If we place an assassin in the exact same level with the same
goals that we get markedly different behavior.
The assassin runs closed through the warehouse, jumps up and
sticks to the wall, and only comes down when he spots the
player.
He then jumps down from the wall and lunges at the player,
swinging his fists.
Finally, if we place a rat in the same level with the same
goal set, we once again see different behavior.
The rat patrols on the ground like the soldier, but never
attempts to attack at all.
We are seeing is that these characters have the same goals
but different action sets.
We use to satisfy the goals the soldiers action set includes
actions for firing weapons, while the Assassin's action set
has lunges and melee attacks.
The rat has no means of attacking at all, so he fails to
formulate any valid plan to satisfy the kill enemy goal, and
he falls back into the lower Priority Patrol goal.
So here you can kind of see how you know with these with these
separate uh goals and action sets.
Uh, you can really sort of just give them to the actors in the
game and they'll sort of move themselves almost to very
impressive.
Uh, the last thing with fear is the squad.
So again, like I mentioned that they could work together.
Apparently they have a global coordinator sort of secondary AI
that is responsible for periodically grouping the
soldiers into squads when they're close to each other.
Now this coordinator only actually has four simple squad
behaviors that it can give to them.
One is to move to any quarter cover while one laser expression
fire second is moved to closer cover while one laser region
fire.
The third is to move to a point in single file while covering
each other and the last will actually cover the back and
cover their rear and the 4th behavior is to split into pairs
who cover each other.
While searching the rooms.
There's nothing actually more complex than these four
behaviors defined specifically, but they they actually perform
more complex behavior because of the interplay between the squad
and the individual AI that's going on.
So there's this illusion that you know that there's something
more going on, but there is.
Now the last game, another another horror game called Alien
Isolation.
This one is based on the popular alien movie franchise, and this
game is you play as Ripley's daughter.
Your trapped on space station and you are running away from a
single terrifying alien that is unkillable and will kill you in
one hit if it catches you.
So a lot of bringing around, hiding from it and like the the
the AI of the alien is carrying a lot of the game right.
A lot of it pinches on the AI if the AI is bad, then the game
will be so they really had to do a lot for this one.
Umm.
Audio and visual cues again, like I mentioned.
Uh, that comes with a lot, actually, in fear as well.
Umm, they mention uh, that the soldiers would call out things
like like if you kill every squad soldier except for one,
that one will will run away and then he'll call out.
I need reinforcements, like he's calling into a radio.
Apparently there's no.
There's no mechanism to game for reinforcements that the the
illusion is that as the player advances through the level,
they'll inevitably run into more soldiers, so it seems to them
like the call for reinforcements worked, even though it didn't.
So that kind of thing is you have very simple audio and
visual cues to the player that makes them think that there's
there's, there's actual, you know, intelligence happening,
that there's I when there isn't.
So here again, the alien will, you know, have audio or visual
cues which will queue the player into letting the aliens, uh,
letting the player know about the aliens intentions, what
they're.
The young and also uh perceive and investigate secondary
sources of sound and movement.
So what that means is if the player opens an airlock, uh, and
the alien here's that, and then it goes investigates and it
doesn't see the player.
It'll still understand that.
That's unusual that the airlock doesn't doesn't open itself.
Uh, so when it's hunting for the player, it'll build us a list of
spots to investigate?
Uh, based on like what it hears and what it's thinking and like
likely spots that the manager might be hiding in and it'll
start checking these spots.
Uh based on visibility, but it's not an optimal path.
So because of that, it'll sometimes double back end like
recheck areas.
So the player, it feels like the alien is like second guessing
itself.
You know, it's doubting its decision.
It's going back and checking again, but this is just a result
of the list that it has based on visibility rather than an
optimal path.
Uh, the the alien also has the illusion of learning and
adapting to the player.
The player thinks that as they play the game, the alien is
learning, but actually it's using a behavior tree where
parts of it are locked until the player survives an encounter and
perform certain conditions.
Then that behavior tree part will unlock and then the alien
will have new actions.
So it seems like the alien is learning in adept when they're
not.
The aliens AI is actually one that does not cheat by
teleporting around.
I think there's only two spots in the game where it teleports,
only to be in a cutscene, but during the game play it never
teleports and it doesn't cheat.
Doesn't where the player is.
There's a secondary AI called the director, which helps the
alien by giving it hints as the players location.
So if the alien is like way off somewhere else in the in the
station, the AI will prod the aliens say hey, she's over here
and so they only go and check it out.
So while the player is hiding, there's a menace gauge that
increases as the players under threat of being discovered.
So when the alien is hunting around and moving around,
checking the room and the players huddled, terrified in a
locker.
Uh, that gauge will fill and when it reaches the Max, the
director will then prod the alien to go away.
So that kind of gives the player some breathing room and it kind
of gives you illusion that the alien is the sided.
The player isn't here anymore or that there's somewhere else, so
it goes off to such a search another place.
So key takeaways from these four examples are that there are many
ways to implement AI in games.
Uh, finite state machines and behavior trees come up a lot in
game AI.
Those are like the the foundations of all this.
But there are more advanced techniques like neural networks
and strip splinters, which can help kind of bring to the next
level.
But the most important thing with game AI is how the players
perceiving it.
So, umm, smoke and mirrors is a huge part of it, you know.
Stuff that isn't even a I just audio and visual cues, little
things, little tricks, little hacks that the player make the
player think that there's there's more going on than there
is.
There's actually a huge part of it.
Here my references.
Uh, there are some very, very interesting articles in here.
I might point out the AI of creatures.
There's a lot that I didn't explain about it due to time
constraints, but there's that particular article has a very
good write up on it.
It's also very interesting.
I mean 1996 Technology making neural networks.
That's, uh, very interesting.
If they did that today, I it would probably be a lot.
A lot better.
There's more.
We've got stuff on some of the things.
There's plenty alright.
Thank you for listening.
That's for me.
Yeah.
Thank you.
I know.
You are there any questions?
I'm sure we have many gamers in here.
Yeah.
Any questions guys and girls?
Great job Zigmund.
I really enjoy that.
Great.
If anybody wants those links, uh, you know, for light reading,
just send me message.
I'll send them to you.
Thank you.
Alright.
Well, thank you and thank you everybody.
Great presentations tonight.
I guess that'll be it for, unless I'll double check.
But yeah, that's everybody that I got on the list.
So again, great job and I'm gonna stop the recording, but
feel free to stick around and converse.